Antiangiogenic Phytochemicals Constituent of Diet as Promising Candidates for Chemoprevention of Cancer

Abstract

Despite the extensive knowledge on cancer nature acquired over the last years, the high incidence of this disease evidences a need for new approaches that complement the clinical intervention of tumors. Interestingly, many types of cancer are closely related to dietary habits associated with the Western lifestyle, such as low fruit and vegetable intake. Recent advances around the old-conceived term of chemoprevention highlight the important role of phytochemicals as good candidates for the prevention or treatment of cancer. The potential to inhibit angiogenesis exhibited by many natural compounds constituent of plant foods makes them especially interesting for their use as chemopreventive agents. Here, we review the antitumoral potential, with a focus on the antiangiogenic effects, of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin or myricetin; terpenoids, such as ursolic acid or kahweol; and anthraquinones from Aloe vera, in different in vitro and in vivo assays, and the available clinical data. Although clinical trials have failed to assess the preventive role of many of these compounds, encouraging preclinical data support the efficacy of phytochemicals constituent of diet in the prevention and treatment of cancer, but a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action and better designed clinical trials are urgently needed.

Co-Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment: A Perspective in Ethnopharmacology

“…Specifically, whatever natural products or chemical derivatives modulating angiogenesis share cardinal pathways that VEGF mediated, such as VEGFR2 pathway in vascular endothelial cells, HIF-1α/VEGF and its upstream transcriptional signaling in cancer cells, we concern and await the emergence of more potential targets for anti-angiogenesis therapy. Although other natural molecules in TCM also performed anti-angiogenesis property, comprising coumarins ( Wu et al, 2020 ), terpenoids ( Kamran et al, 2022 ), polysaccharides ( Li et al, 2021c ), and polyphenols ( Li et al, 2021c ; Marrero et al, 2022 ), they have no distinct difference in mechanisms in comparison with molecules we reported. Recently, angiopoietin (for instance, ang2) inhibition has been implied to be a strategy for overcoming the resistance of VEGF blockers in clinical, while the potential of natural molecules as angiopoietin inhibitors needs further observation ( Parmar and Apte, 2021 ).…”

Dietary Isorhamnetin Intake Is Inversely Associated with Coronary Artery Disease Occurrence in Polish Adults

“…This is important because other FFQs, even if they count polyphenol intake, do not separate these into selected groups or compounds [20]. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases, including CAD and cancer, and a valid FFQ could assess dietary intake to reliably relate to such chronic diseases [16,17,30,31]. Therefore, a new FFQ for selected flavonols intake evaluation was created and assessed for validity and reproducibility.…”

“…Other flavonolrich products are: kale, lettuce, tomatoes, broccoli, grapes, berries and red wine [10,13]. They are known for their antioxidant properties, and thus, flavonols intake could have a role in the modification of cancer risk, metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular risk [15][16][17][18][19]. Some tools for general polyphenol intake assessment have been validated, but, as mentioned above, there has not been created any validated tool dedicated to specific flavonol intake assessment, which would be promising in terms of the future investigation of links between specific compound intakes and chronic diseases development [20].…”

Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part II)

“…Studying the MOA of a drug candidate early in the development process can contribute to the early assessment of possible side effects and drug interactions that could take place inside the human organism. Currently, these experiments are mainly performed in vitro (cell cultures), ex ovo (embryonated eggs), or in vivo (small experimental animals) [ 16 ]. Although most types of experiments confirm the existence of the same mechanism of action [ 17 ], sometimes they can lead to conflicting results that could be partly explained by the complex interactions that can occur in a living organism compared with a controlled cellular environment or by the particularities of different types of cancer cell lines [ 18 ].…”