Antiangiogenic and morphological effects of Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm. leaf extracts on Anas platyrynchos L. embryonic development usingan in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay

Abstract

The theoretical efficacy of antiangiogenic treatment in tumor growth and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases offers a promising approach that leads to the robust search of angiogenesis inhibitors. Cinnamon species, widely used in food processing and other commercial industries, are among the medicinal plants currently being exploited by many cancer researches that involve inhibition of angiogenesis. The Cebu endemic Cinnamomum cebuense is popular for its bark as a remedy for stomachache, headache and toothaches. Phytochemicals found in many cinnamon species worldwide that were claimed to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation were also found in C. cebuense. However, there have been no reported studies that verified its antiangiogenic activity. In the present study, the C. cebuense' santiangiogenic property was investigated via CAM assay with five different treatments of C. cebuense's leaf aqueous extract (CCE) following a completely randomized design: 100% (T1), 50% (T2), 25% (T3), 12.5% (T4), and 6.25% (T5). Sixteen-day old duck eggs were harvested after 15 days incubation, embryos assessed morphologically, angiogenesis quantified by photo documentation of the CAMs, and fractal dimension index analyzed using Image J analysis software. Results revealed that crown to rump length (CRL), hindlimb, forelimb, and beak lengths for other treatments were not dose-dependent except for T1 (100%) where embryos were clearly stunted in all its morphological development. The lowest mean fractal index (MFI=0.3042) among the experimental groups was also evident in T1 (100%). The results show strong evidence that T1 (100%) is the most potent concentration for CCE that could inhibit angiogenesis, and thus possibly restrain proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm Lauraceae

“…Residents commonly utilize the bark for stomach troubles by chewing directly or drinking its decoction (Global Trees Campaign 2020). Cinnamons are considered as multifaceted medicinal plants for their uses against a variety of ailments, including stomachache, headache, and toothache (Alimpoos et al 2018). Eugenol is one of the main phytochemical of Cinnamomum species including C. cebuense, possessing pharmacological properties (Del Fierro et al 2012).…”

“…Another compound, sesquiterpene, was found to be cytotoxic against non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (A549). Alimpoos et al (2018) report C. cebuense as a potential anti-proliferative agent of cancer cells. Other constituents of C. cebuense were also found to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and fungi such as Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Espineli et al 2014).…”