Antiaging, Stress Resistance, and Neuroprotective Efficacies ofCleistocalyx nervosumvar.panialaFruit Extracts UsingCaenorhabditis elegansModel

Abstract

Plant parts and their bioactive compounds are widely used by mankind for their health benefits. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala is one berry fruit, native to Thailand, known to exhibit various health benefits in vitro. The present study was focused on analyzing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effects of C. nervosum in model system Caenorhabditis elegans using physiological assays, fluorescent imaging, and qPCR analysis. The results suggest that the fruit extract was able to significantly extend the median and maximum lifespan of the nematode. It could also extend the healthspan by reducing the accumulation of the “age pigment” lipofuscin, inside the nematode along with regulating the expression of col-19, egl-8, egl-30, dgk-1, and goa-1 genes. Further, the extracts upregulated the expression of daf-16 while downregulating the expression of daf-2 and age-1 in wild-type nematodes. Interestingly, it could extend the lifespan in DAF-16 mutants suggesting that the extension of lifespan and healthspan was dependent and independent of DAF-16-mediated pathway. The fruit extract was also observed to reduce the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) inside the nematode during oxidative stress. The qPCR analysis suggests the involvement of skn-1 and sir-2.1 in initiating stress resistance by activating the antioxidant mechanism. Additionally, the fruit could also elicit neuroprotection as it could extend the median and maximum lifespan of transgenic strain integrated with Aβ. SKN-1 could play a pivotal role in establishing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effect of C. nervosum. Overall, C. nervosum can be used as a nutraceutical in the food industry which could offer potential health benefits.

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases

“…Aging is the process of accumulation of damages to cells, tissues, and organs of an individual that is universal and unique, thereby reducing the overall health of the organism. It is evident that aging can induce stress inside the system in the form of ROS or other stressors, reduce overall health, and induce age-associated neurological diseases [184]. The maintenance of homeostasis between the formation and elimination of damaged proteins is a key process in the development and growth of organisms [185].…”

Potential of Caenorhabditis elegans as an antiaging evaluation model for dietary phytochemicals: A review

“…Extracts from the fruit of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala , an important ingredient in health drinks and functional foods, extended the lifespan of worms and elicited a neuroprotective effect based on DAF‐16 but not involved in DR (Prasanth, Brimson, Chuchawankul, Sukprasansap, & Tencomnao, 2019; Sukprasansap, Chanvorachote, & Tencomnao, 2017).…”

Potential Thai medicinal plants for neurodegenerative diseases: A review focusing on the anti-glutamate toxicity effect

“… 34 The C. nervosum extract was shown to have potent in vitro antioxidant properties 35 and in vivo protective activity against chemical-induced oxidative damage. 36 , 37 In addition, the anti-genotoxicity, 34 the immune stimulating, 38 and the tyrosinase inhibitory effects 35 of this plant have been identified.…”