Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Active Garlic Components and the Inhibition of MMPs via NF-κB Signaling

Abstract

Skin aging is a multisystem degenerative process caused by several factors, such as, UV irradiation, stress, and smoke. Furthermore, wrinkle formation is a striking feature of photoaging and is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In the present study, we investigated whether caffeic acid, S-allyl cysteine, and uracil, which were isolated from garlic, modulate UVB-induced wrinkle formation and effect the expression of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) and NF-κB signaling. The results obtained showed that all three compounds significantly inhibited the degradation of type І procollagen and the expressions of MMPs in vivo and attenuated the histological collagen fiber disorder and oxidative stress in vivo. Furthermore, caffeic acid and S-allyl cysteine were found to decrease oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating the activities of NF-κB and AP-1, and uracil exhibited an indirect anti-oxidant effect by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions levels and downregulating transcriptional factors. These results suggest that the anti-wrinkle effects of caffeic acid, S-allyl cysteine, and uracil are due to anti-oxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Summarizing, caffeic acid, S-allyl cysteine, and uracil inhibited UVB-induced wrinkle formation by modulating MMP via NF-κB signaling.

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of polyphenol extracted from black garlic

“…This imbalance can cause the excessive concentration of free radicals in body, leading to the oxidative damage of cell membranes, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, which results in the cell structure and function destruction and occurrence and development of diseases (Blokhina et al, 2003). Garlic has the antibacterial (Farbman et al, 1993), antiviral (Tsai et al, 1985), anti-inflammatory (Kim et al, 2013b), insecticidal (Yang et al, 2009), blood lipid regulating (Bordia et al, 1998), blood glucose decreasing (Bordia et al, 1998), detoxification (Sheen et al, 1996), atherosclerosis preventing (Bordia et al, 1977) and immunity improving (Qiu et al, 2014) functions. It is reported that, the pharmacological effects of garlic are closely related to its antioxidant properties (El-Din et al, 2014).…”

Ultraviolet A Enhances Cathepsin L Expression and Activity via JNK Pathway in Human Dermal Fibroblasts

“…[22] We hypothesize that UV-induced expression of MMPs and CatL might be modulated by some common molecular mechanisms. The exact mechanisms need further study.…”

On the antioxidant, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of S-allyl cysteine: An update

“…SAC reduces NFkB transactivation, mRNA expression, and protein production in kidney of diabetic mice via down-regulating p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways (Mong and Yin, 2012). Moreover, SAC, in UVB-induced cell damage, downregulates cFOS and p-cJun (components of AP-1) (Kim et al, 2013). Whether these modifications are taking place in the brain will be a matter of research for a near future.…”

“…It has been reported that SAC inhibits NFkB transactivition and expression in several models: gastric mucosal damage, wrinkle formation, kidney of diabetic mice, endothelial cells, IFNg-stimulated RAW264.7 cell, and human T cells (Geng et al, 1997;Kim et al, 2001;Ho et al, 2001;Ide and Lau, 2001;Mong and Yin, 2012;Kim et al, 2013;Park et al, 2014). Hence, SAC could modify NFkB transactivitation and expression by three mechanisms: 1) inhibition of IKKb kinase activity, 2) modifying MAP kinase pathways, and 3) histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity.…”