Anti-ulcer effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oils on peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis models in rats

Abstract

Introduction: Essential oils are considered a potential alternative to synthetic drugs in the management of diseases such as peptic ulcer (PU) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study is concerned with comparing the therapeutic effects of Cuminum cyminum L, Carum carvi L, and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils on PU and UC models induced by ethanol. Methods: Rats were divided into 10 groups; control groups were treated with saline and experimental groups with 500 mg/kg body weight of C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oil. Curative effects were determined by measuring tissue oxidative markers, such as reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as the inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stomach pepsin (PEP), and colon alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Biochemical and histological examinations were done on stomach and colon tissues. Results: The current study proved the anti-ulcer effects of C. cyminum, C. carvi, and T. vulgaris essential oils. They improved the oxidative and inflammatory markers in both stomach and colon tissues and modulated stomach PEP and colon ALP activities. T. vulgaris essential oil modulated GSH and MDA levels resulting in a significant elevation in GSH levels by 120.43% and 99.46% and a significant reduction in MDA levels by 20.05% and 24.1% in PU and UC models, respectively. C. carvi essential oil was the most effective in restoring PGE2 by 71.51% compared to UC group. Results were confirmed by the morphological and histopathological changes. Conclusion: C. cyminum, C. carvi, or T. vulgaris essential oils might be used in the management of acute PU and UC.

Anti H. pylori, anti-secretory and gastroprotective effects of Thymus vulgaris on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley rats

“…To profile T . vulgaris essential components, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was carried out according to the methods described earlier [ 32 ]. Gas chromatography analysis was performed on Agilent GC/MS (model GC6890/ MS5973 / USA) with DB-5MS UI capillary column (60m × 0.25mm OD × 0.25μm film thickness).…”

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Apiaceae Family Plants

“…Lactating mothers use caraway to enhance the flow of breast milk [10]. The EO and caraway extracts are proven to have antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, diuretic, analgesic, renoprotective, molluscicidal, anti-cholinesterase, and immunomodulatory activities [27,28].…”

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds accelerates wound healing in rats: Possible molecular mechanisms

“…Accordingly, studies have shown that ingestion of CCS extracts caused a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation (lower MDA levels) in animal models had chemical-mediated oxidative stress. [52][53][54] A healing tissue in repaired wounds produces increased collagen protein, as one of the essentials required for tissue regeneration and for the final two stages of wound repair. 4-Hydroxyproline (HXP) is the main amino acid of collagen that comprises nearly 13.5% of its amino acid content which allows collagen twisting helix to maintain its integrity and structural stability.…”

“…While rats receiving intrasite gel or methanolic extracts of CCS had significantly reduced values of MDA, denoting antioxidant potentials of these agents against oxidative damages that would otherwise delay the wound healing process. Accordingly, studies have shown that ingestion of CCS extracts caused a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation (lower MDA levels) in animal models had chemical‐mediated oxidative stress 52–54 …”

“…Accordingly, studies have shown that ingestion of CCS extracts caused a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation (lower MDA levels) in animal models had chemical‐mediated oxidative stress. 52 , 53 , 54…”