Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner

Abstract

Introduction: Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. Methods: The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. Results: With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38±4.77, 46.92±3.77 and 42.85±6.54%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC 50 values on 33.47±1.24 and 33.57±1.92 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of functional compound from mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf using response surface methodology and effect of microencapsulation by spray drying on quality of optimized extract

“…High R 2 values indicated that the quadratic model was highly efficient for fitting the data under the condition of experiment and adjusted R 2 values implied a good agreement between the predicted and the experimental values of the model for the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay ( Table 6 ). Consistently, Sungthong and Phadungkit [32] demonstrated that extracting of mulberry leaf at a concentration of 60% (v/v) for 25.5 min by using the ultrasound wave had the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Additionally, three-dimensional surface plot for the antioxidant activity by DPPH of MLE samples was shown in Fig.…”

“…This research was also consistent with Liyana‐Pathirana et al [11] who reported the use of ethanol at concentrations between 50 and 60% (v/v) gave the higher antioxidant activity by DPPH method than the same ethanol concentration but with the longer extraction time. It is important to notice that the extraction period must be long enough to prevent bioactive chemicals from degrading, resulting in lesser antioxidant activity [32] .…”

Anti-tyrosinase, anti-skin pathogenic bacterial, and antioxidant activities and phytochemical constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen extract

“…For example, extracts from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus citrinopileatus (2.80 ± 2.44% enzyme inhibition at 100 µg/mL) (Meng et al 2011), Myristga fragran Houtt extract (80.6% enzyme inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL) (Paneerchelvan et al 2015), Cassia fistula flower butanol extract (40% enzyme inhibition at 100 µg/mL) (Limtrakul et al 2016), and Zingiber cassumunar Robx. crude rhizome extract (35.43 ± 0.47 at 1.67 mg/mL) (Sungthong et al 2015) all inhibit tyrosinase activity. The inhibition of tyrosinase has been a long-term target in the cosmetics industry for skin whitening purposes.…”

Aktivitas pegagan (Centella asiatica) pada dermatologi

“…Pegagan memiliki aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim tirosinase dengan nilai penghambatan sebesar 31,25% pada konsentrasi 1,67 mg/mL sehingga berpotensi sebagai inhibitor sebagai bahan aktif pemutih kulit yang diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan kosmetik [33]. Kandungan utama pegagan yaitu asam asiatik, asiatikosida dan asam madekasik yang efektif untuk meregenerasi jaringan kulit, efek memperbaiki matriks ekstraseluler dengan produksi kolagen, mengurangi kandungan melanin dalam melanosit sehingga dapat memodulasi melanogenesis dengan menghambat ekspresi mRNA tirosinase.…”