Anti-tumor immune response correlates with neurological symptoms in a dog with spontaneous astrocytoma treated by gene and vaccine therapy

Advances in Diagnostic and Treatment Modalities for Intracranial Tumors

“…Common therapeutic strategies include suicide gene therapy, oncolytic treatment, immunomodultion, gene replacement, proapoptotic treatment, and antiangiogenesis 175, 203. Successful delivery or efficacy of gene therapy approaches using viral vectors and plasmid DNA has been shown experimentally in canine brain tumor cells and brain using adenoviral,204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209 retroviral201, 202, 210 herpes,211 and adeno‐associated viral212, 213, 214 delivery. Few viral therapies have progressed to phase III clinical trials, and none have been shown to have significant efficacy in high‐grade brain tumors in phase III trials to date 175…”

“…Limited information is available defining immune cell activity in canine brain tumors, but preliminary studies defining immune cell infiltration in canine meningiomas,234 and the ability of Flt3L to stimulate canine dendritic cells,235 suggest that there will be many similarities to human tumors. Translational studies in dogs with glioma using tumor cell lysate/CpG vaccines, combined with postsurgical intracavitary delivery of IFNg via an adenoviral vector, have demonstrated the feasibility of immunotherapy in dogs, with tumor‐reactive IgG and CD8+ T cells being documented in 1 reported case 206, 236. Similar studies using autologous tumor lysate vaccines combined with toll‐like receptor ligands (CpG, imiquimod) after resection of meningiomas in dogs also have been reported 237.…”

New Treatment Modalities for Brain Tumors in Dogs and Cats

“…These therapies hold great promise for the treatment of brain tumors and are being used clinically in dogs and cats. [23][24][25] Reviews of boron neutron capture therapy, brachytherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU), gene therapy, laser interstitial thermal therapy, proton beam radiotherapy, oncolytic viruses, and pulsed electric fields are available elsewhere. 7,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] These therapeutic approaches are not mutually exclusive.…”

Maximizing Local Access to Therapeutic Deliveries in Glioblastoma. Part V: Clinically Relevant Model for Testing New Therapeutic Approaches

“…A study investigating dendritic cell vaccination of gliomabearing dogs with tumor cell lysates containing a toll-like receptor ligand adjuvant in combination with in situ adenoviral interferon-gamma gene transfer demonstrated sufficient safety and promise to result in rapid translation of this immunogenetic therapy to a human clinical trial (56,57), and promising active immunotherapeutic approaches using dogs with intracranial meningiomas have recently been published (58). Pioneering work in dogs with gliomas illustrated the feasibility and importance of real-time MR imaging monitoring of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) for confirmation of target coverage, as well as providing an opportunity to detect and remedy any local adverse effects of CED treatment, including reflux of the infusate along the catheter (59-61).…”