Anti‐Tumor Effect of Orally Administered Spinach Glycolipid Fraction on Implanted Cancer Cells, Colon‐26, in Mice

Abstract

We succeeded in purifying a major glycolipid fraction from a green vegetable, spinach. This fraction consists mainly of three glycolipids: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG). In a previous study, we found that the glycolipid fraction inhibited DNA polymerase activity, cancer cell growth and tumor growth with subcutaneous injection. We aimed to clarify oral administration of the glycolipid fraction, suppressing colon adenocarcinoma (colon-26) tumor growth in mice. A tumor graft study showed that oral administration of 20 mg/kg glycolipid fraction for 2 weeks induced a 56.1% decrease in the solid tumor volume (P < 0.05) without any side-effects, such as loss of body weight or major organ failure, in mice. The glycolipid fraction induced the suppression of colon-26 tumor growth with inhibition of angiogenesis and the expression of cell proliferation marker proteins such as Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Cyclin E in the tumor tissue. These results suggest that the orally administered glycolipid fraction from spinach could suppress colon tumor growth in mice by inhibiting the activities of neovascularization and cancer cellular proliferation in tumor tissue.

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol role, physical states, applications and biomimetic monolayer films

“…MGDG and DGDG have potential anticancer 9 functions due to DNA polymerase inhibition, suppression of cancer cell proliferation, antiangiogenesis and anti-tumor promotion properties [40][41][42][43]. Indeed, glycolipid fraction of spinach has shown anti-tumor activity with oral administration in colon tumor in mice.…”

“…Moreover, it has been observed that the hydrolized form of biological glycolipids, in particular hydrolized MGDG, has more anti-tumor activity than the non-hydrolized form [41]. DGDG and, in particular, MGDG have an important anti-inflamatory activity, which is reduced when increasing the saturation index [40].…”

Biomimetic monolayer films of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol incorporating ubiquinone

“…Previous voltammetric results of phospholipid layers containing quinone derivatives [13,[15][16][17][18][19] and the fact that UQ size and shape are close to those of PQ, make UQ a suitable candidate for substituting PQ, which isolation process has a huge cost, in studies of artificial photosynthesis. 3 Several studies have been performed on galactolipids due to their relevance in photosynthesis and other natural processes like cell growth modulator [20], anti-inflammatory [21,22] and anti-cancer agent [23][24][25][26]. One of the most relevant model membrane information is the galactolipid phase behaviour, especially its liquid-crystalline packing properties which has been widely investigated [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Structural characterization and Biological Activity of Sulfolipids from selected Marine Algae

“…However, algae represent valuable sources of a wide spectrum of complex lipids, and their components have promising potential applications especially in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries (Hossain et al, 2005). The various biological actions of SLs include: inhibitory effects on DNA polymerase and viral reverse transcriptase, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition and promotion of cell growth Liptak et al, 2004;Maeda et al, 2008;Naumann, 2009)…”