Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Ethiopia: A Mata- Analysis

Gebremichael, Lemlem G; Fanta, Biruk Sintayehu; Abay, Solomón Mequanente; Dinda, Subas Chandra

doi:10.22270/jddt.v4i3.863

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…23,24 According to the report by Gebremichael et al, treatment failure TB cases had an increased the risk of developing DR-TB. 25 Other studies from Sudan and China also reported similar findings. 10,11,26 In consistency with these reports, in the current study also, we found that patients with history of treatment failure had increased risk of developing DR-TB.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

<p>Determinants of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study</p>

Biru

Woldesemayat

2020

IDR

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Background: In most developing countries, including in Ethiopia, the magnitude and risk factors of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are expected to be high. However, this is not well reported because of lack of laboratory facilities, poor surveillance system and limited reporting. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of DR-TB among TB patients in southern Ethiopia.Patients and Methods: Facility-based case-control study was conducted from November 2016 to January 2017 in Sidama Zone and Gurage Zone of the southern Ethiopia region. DR-TB cases were confirmed by drug-susceptibility testing who were on treatment for DR-TB at Yirgalem and Butajira Hospitals. Controls were smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients who were taking first-line anti-TB medications and sputum smear-negative at the 5 th month of commencing TB treatment. Data were entered and cleaned using EPI-Info version 7 software and analyzed using SPSS version 22 statistical software.Results: A total of 84 cases and 243 controls participated in the study. About 59% (49 cases) and 55% (132 controls) were male. The median (interquartile range) age was 28 (21-37) years for cases and 27 (25-33) years for controls. Living in a one-roomed house (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.8-25.8), history of contact with DR-TB cases (AOR: 6.8, 95% CI: 1.8-25.3), treatment failure TB cases (AOR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.1-15.5) and relapsed TB cases (AOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.3-18.1) were independent factors associated with DR-TB. Conclusion: Providing standardized first-line regimen for new case and retreatment TB cases and practicing basic TB-infection control measures could help to minimize the spread of DR-TB.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

<p>Determinants of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study</p>

Biru

Woldesemayat

2020

IDR

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Tuberculosis at Farmer-Cattle Interface in the Rural Villages of South Gondar Zone of Northwest Ethiopia

Alelign

Zewude

Petros

et al. 2019

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) has been an important public health concern in Ethiopia, particularly at areas of human-animal intersection. However, limited epidemiological information is available in this respect in the country. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the transmission of TB at human-cattle interface, associated risk factors and public awareness about the disease at South Gondar Zone, northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted between March 2015 and April 2018 on 186 farmers and 476 cattle in South Gondar Zone, northwest Ethiopia. Bacteriological examination, region of difference (RD) 9-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), and questionnaire were used for undertaking this study. Results Culture positivity in farmers was 59.7% (111/186) and all the culture positive isolates were M. tuberculosis. About 68% (74/111) of culture positive respondents did not know about the transmission of TB from cattle to human or vice versa. The animal and herd prevalence of bovine TB were 1.5% (7/476) and 7.4% (7/95), respectively. Although the result was not statistically significant, the odds of bovine TB in cattle owned by TB positive households was slightly higher than those owned by TB free households (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.31–7.10; p = 0.76). Conclusion Although SIDCTT reactivity was slightly higher in cattle owned by TB positive households, all the human isolates were M. tuberculosis and no M. bovis was isolated from farmers, which could be due to the low prevalence of bovine TB in the area.

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Drug sensitivity of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its association with bacterial genotype in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia

Worku

Gumi

Girma

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDrug resistance is becoming a major bottleneck for tuberculosis (TB) control programs in countries with high TB burdens. Although several studies were conducted on the drug sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) in central Ethiopia, there is a lack of data on the drug sensitivity of M. tuberculosis in the peripheral regions of the country including in the Somali region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the drug sensitivity of M. tuberculosis and its association with bacterial genotype and evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) in detecting resistance to rifampicin (RIF).MethodsA total of 302 M. tuberculosis were tested using the BD BACTEC-Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 (MGIT 960) system for their drug sensitivity to the first-line anti-TB drugs. Besides, the drug sensitivity of 10 multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis isolates was evaluated for the second-line anti-TB drugs. Additionally, 177 of the 302 isolates were tested for genotypic drug resistance using Xpert. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the evaluation of the association between variables and drug sensitivity.ResultsThe overall prevalence of resistance to at least one drug was 11.6% (95% CI: 7.9–15.2%), while the prevalence of MDR was 3.3% (95% CI: 1.3–5.3%). Two of the 10 MDR isolates were resistant to capreomycin. The spoligotype Shared International Type (SIT) 149 was significantly associated with either monoresistance or MDR (p < 0.05). Of the 177 isolates tested by Xpert, 6.2% (11/177) were RIF-resistant. Discordant between Xpert and MGIT 960 was observed in one isolate and linked with probe-binding delay (ΔCT max = 5.8). The sensitivity and specificity of the Xpert assay were 100 and 99.4%, respectively, while its positive and negative predictive values were 90.9 and 100%, respectively.ConclusionThe magnitude of MDR M. tuberculosis in the Somali region of Ethiopia was higher than the national prevalence of MDR-TB warranting the strengthening of the TB control program in the Somali region. Besides, drug resistance was associated with SIT 149 spoligotype (genotype). The Xpert assay was observed to have high sensitivity and specificity in detecting RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis, which is encouraging for its application widely.

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Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Ethiopia: A Mata- Analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

<p>Determinants of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study</p>

<p>Determinants of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Southern Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study</p>

Tuberculosis at Farmer-Cattle Interface in the Rural Villages of South Gondar Zone of Northwest Ethiopia

Drug sensitivity of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its association with bacterial genotype in the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia

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