Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies in Arthritic Patients: A Disease-specific Finding?

Abstract

with 50 g/L OLZ added. As can be seen in Fig. 1D, extracts from protein precipitation and solid-phase methods showed a substantial reduction in instrument response compared with mobile phase. In contrast, the ethyl acetate liquid-liquid preparation used in our assay suppressed the signal of the analytes by Ͻ3%.This assay, because of the high simplicity of the extraction procedure, the short duration of the analysis, the small amount of starting sample needed, and its high selectivity, is being used routinely by our research group to monitor plasma OLZ concentrations in schizophrenic patients. In fact, in a set of 17 smoking and nonsmoking patients, a wide drug concentration range was found [0.8 -71 g/L; mean (SD), 34 (4) g/L for doses between 5 and 10 mg/24 h], consistent with the large variability of OLZ pharmacokinetics reported previously (16 ).The high sensitivity shown by this assay makes it suitable for measuring the extremely low concentrations of OLZ in schizophrenic patients who are heavy smokers. It could also potentially be helpful in clarifying the clinically relevant role played by smoking, through increases in the clearance of OLZ via CYP1A2, and in demonstrating the marked variability of the antipsychotic response in schizophrenic patients (2 ). Likewise, the method could potentially be very useful for monitoring those patients who are given other drugs capable of inducing OLZ metabolism (e.g., anticonvulsants and barbiturates).

Anti-Transglutaminase Antibody Assay of the Culture Medium of Intestinal Biopsy Specimens Can Improve the Accuracy of Celiac Disease Diagnosis

“…Furthermore, the 4 patients with false-positive serum EmA or anti-tTG results had negative results in the culture medium assay. The finding that 2 of these patients were suffering from autoimmune diseases provides evidence that serum anti-tTG results can be false positive in these cases (9 ) and that the site of antibody production may be other than intestinal (26 ).…”

Anti-Transglutaminase Antibodies and Age

“…The first practical consequence of this age-related fluctuation in anti-transglutaminase autoantibodies was a change in IgA and IgG cutoff limits among the age groups studied. This enabled us to distinguish the pediatric population from the adult population with more precision and allowed us to potentially disregard unexpected positive sera with minor increases in anti-tTG titer, as reported recently in a nonceliac adult population (13,14 ).…”

Anti‐inflammatory effects of the R2 peptide, an inhibitor of transglutaminase 2, in a mouse model of allergic asthma, induced by ovalbumin

“…TGase 2 is aberrantly activated in tissues and cells and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (Citron et al, 2001), Parkinson's disease (Junn et al, 2003;Andrings et al, 2004), neuro-AIDS (Roberts et al, 2003), Huntington's diseases (Kim et al, 2005), hippocampal CA 1 ischemia (Hwang et al, 2009), celiac disease (Naiyer et al, 2008), lupus (Sanchez et al, 2000), autoimmune diseases like rheumatic arthritis (Picarelli et al, 2003), human atherosclerotic coronary arteries (Cho et al, 2008), breast cancers (Park et al, 2009a) and drug resistance in variety of cancer cells Park et al, 2009bPark et al, , 2010. TGase 2 expression is increased in inflammatory diseases such as activation of microglia, a hallmark of brain inflammation (Park et al, 2004), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (Kim, 2006) and allergic asthma (Hallstrand et al, 2010).…”