Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: Positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress

Unno, Keiko; Tanida, Naoki; Ishii, Naoto; Yamamoto, Hiroyuki; Iguchi, Kazuaki; Hoshino, Minoru; Takeda, Atsüshi; Ozawa, Hayato; Ohkubo, Tadashi; Juneja, Lekh Raj; Yamada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.004

Cited by 62 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…L-theanine, which is present in black, green, and white tea but not coffee (Keenan et al 2011), may account for such reported differences. Theanine diminishes the stress response, reducing heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, and perceived stress and anxiety (Kimura et al 2007;Steptoe et al 2007;Unno et al 2013;Yoto et al 2012). Theanine also alters neural indices of relaxation, such as augmenting ␣ brain waves (Juneja et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Giles

Mahoney

Brunyé

et al. 2017

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Tea is perceived as more relaxing than coffee, even though both contain caffeine. L-theanine in tea may account for the difference. Consumed together, caffeine and theanine exert similar cognitive effects to that of caffeine alone, but exert opposite effects on arousal, in that caffeine accentuates and theanine mitigates physiological and felt stress responses. We evaluated whether caffeine and theanine influenced cognition under emotional arousal. Using a double-blind, repeatedmeasures design, 36 participants received 4 treatments (200 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 200 mg caffeine + 200 mg theanine, 0 mg caffeine + 0 mg theanine) on separate days. Emotional arousal was induced by highly arousing negative film clips and pictures. Mood, salivary cortisol, and visual attention were evaluated. Caffeine accentuated global processing of visual attention on the hierarchical shape task (p < 0.05), theanine accentuated local processing (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Caffeine reduced flanker conflict difference scores on the Attention Network Test (p < 0.05), theanine increased difference scores (p < 0.05), and the combination did not differ from placebo. Thus, under emotional arousal, caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on certain attentional processes, but when consumed together, they counteract the effects of each other.Key words: caffeine, theanine, arousal, attention, cortisol, emotion, cognition.Résumé : Le thé est perçu comme étant plus relaxant que le café, même si tous deux contiennent de la caféine. La L-théanine du thé pourrait être à l'origine de la différence entre les deux. Consommées ensemble, la caféine et la théanine exercent des effets similaires sur les facultés cognitives que la caféine seule, mais elles exercent des effets contraires sur l'éveil : effets d'accentuation de la caféine et effets mitigés de la théanine sur le plan des réactions au stress de natures physiologique et des sensations. Nous avons tenté de vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle la caféine et la théanine pourraient influencer les facultés cognitives en situation d'excitation émotionnelle. À l'aide d'un modèle à double insu avec mesures répétées sur des jours distincts, nous avons administré les traitements suivants chez 36 participants : caféine à 200 mg + théanine à 0 mg, caféine à 0 mg + théanine à 200 mg, caféine à 200 mg + théanine à 200 mg et caféine à 0 mg + théanine à 0 mg. Nous avons provoqué une excitation émotionnelle à l'aide d'images et de séquences filmées négatives. Nous avons évalué l'humeur, les taux de cortisol dans la salive et l'attention visuelle. La caféine entraînait une accentuation du traitement global par l'attention visuelle aux tâches de catégorisation de formes (« hierarchical shape task »; p < 0,05), la théanine entraînait une accentuation du traitement local (p < 0,05), et l'association des deux donnait les mêmes résultats que le placebo. La caféine entraînait une réduction des scores de différence des conflits en présenc...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Giles

Mahoney

Brunyé

et al. 2017

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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“…The commercially available product contains 12 naturally occurring compounds (Figure 1) including L-tyrosine; huperzine A, bacopa, phosphatidylserine and L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine; vinpocetine and pterostilbene. Each compound present in the Alpha BRAIN ® formula has evidence to support safe consumption and provide possible cognitive benefit (Barbagallo Sangiorgi et al, 1994;Sun et al, 1999;Sheng et al, 2001;Valikovics, 2007;Berry et al, 2011;Downey et al, 2013;Unno et al, 2013;Hirayama et al, 2014;Song et al, 2015;Steenbergen et al, 2015;Yang et al, 2015). In addition, the manufacturer has suggested that their specific formulation of compounds may increases acetylcholinergic neurotransmission and provide neuroprotective benefit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, efficacy study of alpha BRAIN^® administered orally

Solomon

Leech²,

Murphy

et al. 2015

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…She also has mentioned that "Significant relationship was found between sAA activities with stress-related symptoms. Similarly Unno [21] found the positive correlation between sAA activity and subjective stress among 20 students. Previous findings [17], [22], [23], support the outcome of this study since in those studies also the significant association between stress and noise exposure level has been determined.…”

Section: Relationship Between Stress Level and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Environmental Noise and the Association with Occupational Stress among Palm Oil Mill Workers

Naeini¹,

Tamrin²,

Hashim³

et al. 2015

IJSER

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ABSTRACT:In palm oil mills the environmental sound level, resulting from operating machineries, is usually exceeding the action level of noise (85dB(A)). Whereas the excessive noise can develop chronic job stress, thus this study aims to determine the relationship between personal noise exposure and occupational stress among palm oil mill workers. A cross sectional study was done among 173 workers at five selected mills namely in Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Environmental noise and personal noise exposure measured using Sound Level Meter (Model: Lutron SL-4112) and Dosimeter (Model: wireless110A) respectively. Alpha-amylase activity was used to determine the non-auditory effects of noise through determining the stress level. Results showed that, 100% of the workers among exposed group (PNE≥85 dB (A)) experiencing stress condition while 43% of non-exposed group (PNE<85dB (A)) experiencing stress condition. Statistically alpha amylase activity in stimulated condition among exposed group was significantly higher than non-exposed group (t-value=-3.983, p-value=0.000). As the conclusion, there is a significant relationship between alpha amylase activity and personal noise exposure among palm oil mill workers. (rs=0.725, p-value=0.000)

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Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: Positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, efficacy study of alpha BRAIN^® administered orally

Environmental Noise and the Association with Occupational Stress among Palm Oil Mill Workers

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Anti-stress effect of theanine on students during pharmacy practice: Positive correlation among salivary α-amylase activity, trait anxiety and subjective stress

Cited by 62 publications

References 35 publications

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

Caffeine and theanine exert opposite effects on attention under emotional arousal

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, efficacy study of alpha BRAIN® administered orally

Environmental Noise and the Association with Occupational Stress among Palm Oil Mill Workers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, parallel group, efficacy study of alpha BRAIN^® administered orally