Anti-Staphylococcal and Antioxidant Properties of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Macrofungi Collected from the Philippines

Abstract

Introduction:Macrofungi have been used in the Philippines as source of food and traditional medicines. However, these macrofungi in the Philippines have not yet been studied for different biological activities. Thus, this research determined the potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude ethanolic extracts of seven macrofungi collected in Bataan, Philippines. Methods: Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution method were used to screen for the antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging assay for the determination of antioxidant activity. Results: F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum and P. pinisitus exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 6.55 ± 0.23 mm to 7.43 ± 0.29 mm against S. aureus, D. confragosa, F. rosea, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus and P. pinisitus showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus with an MIC 50 ranging from 1250 μg/mL to 10000 μg/mL. F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with F. rosea having the highest antioxidant activity among all the extracts tested (3.0 μg/mL). Conclusion: Based on the results, these Philippine macrofungi showed antistaphylococcal activity independent of the antioxidant activity. These can be further studied as potential sources of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Key words: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Mushrooms, Philippines, Staphylococcus aureus. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging were performed using the mushroom extracts to determine the species with potential bioactive molecules of pharmaceutical importance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of mushroom speciesThe mushroom species were collected from three sites Sitio Pastolan, Hermosa from July to December of 2016. The map coordinate of the study site is 14°50'26.29''N and 120°20'47.17''E. Collected macrofungi were wrapped in newspaper. Each were labeled accordingly and voucher specimen were submitted to the National Museum of the Philippines for taxonomic identification. Preparation of ethanol mushroom extractsMacrofungi were weighed separately using a toploading balance. They were dried in the oven overnight at 40 o C and were air-dried after for seven days. They were washed with distilled water and cut into small pieces. About 150 grams of each macrofungus were soaked in 500 mL of 95% ethanol for five days. Filtration was done using Whatman filter paper No. 107Where Ac is the absorbance of the control and As is the absorbance with the extract. Tests were done in triplicates and a calibration curve was constructed with ascorbic acid as the standard. Data analysisData were analyzed using the SPSS program and GraphPad Prism. Half maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) was also computed from the SA values of each ethanolic extract. Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine if the data were in normal distribution. Mann-Whitney's test was done to determine which sample extract has significantly different antimicrobial activity when paired with ciprofloxacin. The test was also done to assess d...

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High-Pressure Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body and Their Anti-hepatoma Effect Associated With the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway

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