Anti-Saccade Performance Predicts Executive Function and Brain Structure in Normal Elders

Mirsky, Jacob B.; Heuer, Hilary W.; Jafari, Aria; Kramer, Joel H.; Schenk, A. Katrin; Viskontas, Indre V.; Miller, Bruce L.; Boxer, Adam L.

doi:10.1097/wnn.0b013e318223f6c6

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Impaired AS performance is correlated with structural alterations to the right greater than left premotor regions of the frontal lobes in focal lesion patients, 34 neurodegenerative disease, 12 psychiatric illness, 35 and normal aging. 4,36 Our results suggest that the BAS may be sensitive to damage to these same brain regions and could be used as a screen for such damage at the bedside.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The same frontoparietal network necessary for AS performance has been previously implicated in executive control in normal aging, 4 schizophrenia, [5][6][7]37 and neurodegenerative disease. [12][13] The observed correlation between BAS performance and neuropsy- chological measures of executive function further supports our hypothesis that BAS relies on the integrity of the same network as other AS paradigms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…1 A commonly used measure of cognitive inhibition is the antisaccade (AS) task, which requires suppression of a visually guided saccade toward a target and generation of voluntary saccade in the opposite direction. 2,3 The percentage of correct AS responses is sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in aging, 4 schizophrenia, [5][6][7][8] Huntington disease (HD), 9,10 and a variety of neurodegenerative dementias. [11][12][13] Despite the potential clinical utility of the AS task in evaluating neurologic function, current methods of evaluation are limited to informal bedside evaluation or the use of expensive eye-tracking equipment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multicenter validation of a bedside antisaccade task as a measure of executive function

Hellmuth¹,

Mirsky²,

Heuer³

et al. 2012

Neurology

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Objective: To create and validate a simple, standardized version of the antisaccade (AS) task that requires no specialized equipment for use as a measure of executive function in multicenter clinical studies. Methods:The bedside AS (BAS) task consisted of 40 pseudorandomized AS trials presented on a laptop computer. BAS performance was compared with AS performance measured using an infrared eye tracker in normal elders (NE) and individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia (n ϭ 33). The neuropsychological domain specificity of the BAS was then determined in a cohort of NE, MCI, and dementia (n ϭ 103) at UCSF, and the BAS was validated as a measure of executive function in a 6-center cohort (n ϭ 397) of normal adults and patients with a variety of brain diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multicenter validation of a bedside antisaccade task as a measure of executive function

Hellmuth¹,

Mirsky²,

Heuer³

et al. 2012

Neurology

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“…The key finding of the current study is that antisaccade performance is significantly associated with CAG repeat number. Therefore, because this oculomotor task is a well-characterized measure of executive function (Hutton & Ettinger, 2006;Mirsky et al, 2011), the finding suggests that the executive deficit in SCA2 is influenced by the ATXN2 mutation size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Executive deficit in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is related to expanded CAG repeats: Evidence from antisaccadic eye movements

Rodríguez‐Labrada¹,

Velázquez‐Pérez²,

Aguilera-Rodríguez³

et al. 2014

Brain and Cognition

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“…Arrow 3 depicts the start of increasing numbers of publication on cognitive function and then a further increase in literature in this category (arrow 4). Today, there are more publications using eye movements to study cognitive function than all publications on eye movements and cerebellar ocular motor function a valuable predictor for their performance on executive function tasks [64]. In Parkinson's disease, ocular motor behavior, quantitative volumetry of gray and white matters in the cerebral hemispheres, and executive function capabilities are well correlated [65].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Movement Research in the Twenty-First Century—a Window to the Brain, Mind, and More

Shaikh

Zee

2017

Cerebellum

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The study of eye movements not only addresses debilitating neuro-ophthalmological problems but has become an essential tool of basic neuroscience research. Eye movements are a classic way to evaluate brain function-traditionally in disorders affecting the brainstem and cerebellum. Abnormalities of eye movements have localizing value and help narrow the differential diagnosis of complex neurological problems. More recently, using sophisticated behavioral paradigms, measurement of eye movements has also been applied to disorders of the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Moreover, in contemporary neuroscience, eye movements play a key role in understanding cognition, behavior, and disorders of the mind. Examples include applications to higher-level decision-making processes as in neuroeconomics and psychiatric and cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Eye movements have become valued as objective biomarkers to monitor the natural progression of disease and the effects of therapies. As specific genetic defects are identified for many neurological disorders, ocular motor function often becomes the cornerstone of phenotypic classification and differential diagnosis. Here, we introduce other important applications of eye movement research, including understanding movement disorders affecting the head and limbs. We also emphasize the need to develop standardized test batteries for eye movements of all types including the vestibulo-ocular responses. The evaluation and treatment of patients with cerebellar ataxia are particularly amenable to such an approach.Keywords Saccade . Vestibulo-ocular reflex . Pursuit Eye movements are critical for the survival of any animal that sees. Promptly bringing an image to the fovea of an object that suddenly intrudes into one's periphery, and then keeping the image stable on the fovea, allows the cognitive brain to analyze the visual scene in a tenth of a second. In this way, it can generate an immediate, and sometimes life or death, decision whether to flee, fight, embrace, or just do nothing. Neural correlates of eye movements are found in almost every corner of the brain, helping to provide the most reliable information from our visual systems for all aspects of behavior.Using eye movements to understand human disease extends back to at least the mid-nineteenth century when early reports of strabismus [1][2][3][4][5] and nystagmus [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] appeared. Nevertheless, in the years following, for almost another century, the literature on eye movements was meager. In the mid1940s, however, the number of publications on nystagmus and strabismus began to grow (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/?term = nystagmus, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/?term = strabismus), and in the mid-1960s, there was another growth spurt with more studies reporting various types of dysfunction of eye movements in conditions affecting the brainstem or cerebellum. Topics such as adaptive control of eye movements and the central role of normal and

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Anti-Saccade Performance Predicts Executive Function and Brain Structure in Normal Elders

Cited by 51 publications

References 51 publications

Multicenter validation of a bedside antisaccade task as a measure of executive function

Multicenter validation of a bedside antisaccade task as a measure of executive function

Executive deficit in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 is related to expanded CAG repeats: Evidence from antisaccadic eye movements

Eye Movement Research in the Twenty-First Century—a Window to the Brain, Mind, and More

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