Anti-reflection (AR) coatings made by sol–gel processes: A review

The role of random nanostructures for the omnidirectional anti-reflection properties of the glasswing butterfly

“…Moulds replicated from such a master can be used for thermal nanoimprint 33 or hot embossing 34 to replicate glasswing structures on large scales. In comparison with classical multilayer broadband anti-reflection coatings that add up to at least 1 mm thickness to the surface 20,35 , the glasswing structures are comparably thin as their mean height is only 500 nm and in addition they are hydrophobic. In fact, engineered glasswing inspired anti-reflective coatings could be thinner than 500 nm if a suitable random height distribution is included into the design.…”

Developments in the synthesis of flat plate solar selective absorber materials via sol–gel methods: A review

“…The deposition of a silica layer, especially silica as an AR layer, usually necessitates a sol-gel technique even though the absorber film was deposited by other methods besides sol-gel. In this review, the use of silica (SiO 2 ) as an antireflection (AR) layer, a matrix or an underlayer has been mentioned, and it also has been discussed elsewhere [118][119][120].…”

Microstructured surface design for omnidirectional antireflection coatings on solar cells

“…Sol-gel based approaches with either porosity control and/or high index dopant introduction were reported. [10][11][12] Recently a SiO 2 / TiO 2 GRIN AR coating was reported by Xi et al, 13 by oblique-angle physical vapor deposition, where the refractive index can vary from 1.0 to 2.0.…”