Anti-pulverization intermetallic Fe–Sn anchored on N-doped carbon anode boosted superior power and stable lithium storage

Rational Design and Engineering of 1D Heterostructured Porous Sn/CoSnx@C Nanotubes for Superior Lithium Storage

“…For example, the introduction of other inactive metals (Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, etc.) relative to Li is an effective strategy to relieve volume inflation, − in which the inactive metal in the formed Sn-based alloy is conducive to relieve the mechanical stress caused by the volume dilatation in the lithiation/delithiation process and improve the cyclic performance. , Besides, the N-doped carbon can provide a conductive pathway for the diffusion of Li + and prevent particle agglomeration and efficiently reduce the shrinkage/expansion effect during cycling. − By simultaneously introducing an inactive metallic Co matrix and N-doped carbon nanotubes into the hollow CoSn nanocrystals, the CoSn@N–C nanotubes exhibit high reversible capacities . However, the introduction of the intractable nonreactive metallic M phase reduces the specific capacity of the cell, which is a major problem for Sn-based alloys/intermetallic compound cathodes .…”

Lithium storage properties of Sn/C composite anode materials

“…The tin-based alloy has a theoretical specific capacity of 992 mAh/g [4] , but due to the volume expansion ratio of more than 200% in the process of charging and discharging [5] , it results in the gradual pulverization failure of the material after multiple lithium intercalation and removal, which shows poor cycle stability [6] . At present, the modification of tin-based alloys mainly focuses on the following methods: (1) Combined with the second component to form "Sn-M" alloy [7][8][9] , the formed alloy still has a certain volume expansion; (2) Combined with carbon [10][11][12] , the volume effect of tin is controlled within the material by carbon coating. However, at present, the binding of carbon and tin is poor, the carbon layer is easy to peel off after several cycles, and the cycle performance is rapidly reduced.…”

Core-shell structured SiO2@C-Sn/SnO2 nanosphere as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

“…However, its structural instability and low electrical conductivity have become the bottleneck limiting its performance [12] . For example, pure SnO 2 nanoparticles show large volume changes with the increase of cycling times and are easily pulverized [13,14] . To address this problem, researchers have effectively mitigated the chalking phenomenon through size control and surface modi cation of SnO 2 .…”