Anti-proliferative activity and chemical characterization by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry of phlorotannins from the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum collected on North-Atlantic coasts

Extraction and Identification of Phlorotannins from the Brown Alga, Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell

“…They are present in the algae in free form or forming complexes with different components of the cell walls, such as alginic acid [2,4]. Phlorotannins are essential to the physiological integrity of alga and involved in a number of important secondary roles such as chemical defense, protection against oxidative damage that occurs in response to changes in nutrient availability and UV radiation, interactions with other organisms or the abiotic environment, as well as being integral components of cell wall [5,6].…”

“…Phlorotannins are essential to the physiological integrity of alga and involved in a number of important secondary roles such as chemical defense, protection against oxidative damage that occurs in response to changes in nutrient availability and UV radiation, interactions with other organisms or the abiotic environment, as well as being integral components of cell wall [5,6]. These compounds have attracted considerable research interest for their broad health benefits and potential uses in a range of therapeutics [4,7]. …”

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

“…The combination of HILIC and RP-LC promises higher orthogonality with respect to RP-LC Â RP-LC, although hyphenation of the former modes is more complicated because of the relative elution strengths of the mobile phase used in each dimension. For such a reason, the employment of microflow rates in the 1 D is highly beneficial to minimize dilution and provide flow rates compatible with 2 D injection volumes (Kalili and de Villiers, 2009, 2013aBeelders et al, 2015;Kalili et al, 2013Kalili et al, , 2014Montero et al, 2013aMontero et al, ,b, 2014Montero et al, , 2016a. As an example in Fig.…”

“…On the one hand, for NP  RP separation of carotenoids, either silica or cyanopropyl (CN) stationary phases have been investigated (Dugo et al , 2008d(Dugo et al ,e, 2009cCacciola et al, 2012Cacciola et al, , 2016a, whereas for triacylglycerol (TAG) separation, an Ag  RP combination turned out to be useful for this task Dugo et al, 2006b,c;Van der Klift et al, 2008;Hu et al, 2013;Wei et al, , 2015Costa et al, 2015;. On the other hand, for RP  RP separation of phenolic antioxidants, the effect of several stationary phase chemistries (C8, C18, CN, Diol, F 5 , NH 2 , PEG, Phenyl, RPAmide, and other laboratory-made stationary phases) on the separation selectivity and resolution has been investigated (Blahovà et al, 2006;Cacciola et al, 2006Cacciola et al, , 2007aCacciola et al, ,b,c, 2011Hyilompolo, 2007, 2008;Pol et al, 2007, Pol andDugo et al, 2008cDugo et al, , 2009aJandera et al, 2008aJandera et al, ,b, 2012Hájek et al, 2008Cesla et al, 2009;Kalili and de Villiers, 2009, 2013aZhou et al, 2009;Russo et al, 2011;Fu et al, 2012;Hájek and Jandera, 2012;Kalili et al 2013Kalili et al , 2014Montero et al, 2013aMontero et al, ,b, 2014Montero et al, , 2016aKrol-Kogus et al, 2014;Krauze-Baranowska et al, 2014;Leme et al, 2014;Tanaka et al, 2014;…”

“…The unique performance of these particle columns, offering the advantages of higher efficiencies and rugged design, capable of high-pressure operation, was demonstrated in some studies Marchetti et al, 2007;Cavazzini et al, 2007;Cunliffe and Maloney, 2007;Donato et al, 2009). Because of these attributes, these columns were chosen as 2 D of LC Â LC systems, and several research groups (Mondello, Dugo, Jandera and Cifuentes) used them in natural products applications (Hajek et al, 2008;Dugo et al, 2008cDugo et al, , 2009aRusso et al, 2011;Mondello et al, 2011;Cacciola et al, 2012;Leme et al, 2014;Jandera, 2012;Cesla et al, 2009;Hájek and Jandera, 2012;Montero et al 2013aMontero et al ,b, 2014Montero et al , 2016aDonato et al, 2016). In two of the abovementioned references (Dugo et al, 2008c;Hajek et al, 2008) the performance of a partially porous short column was compared with that of a monolithic column.…”