Anti-plaque effect of a synergistic combination of green tea and Salvadora persica L. against primary colonizers of dental plaque

Abdulbaqi, Hayder Raad; Harun, Wan Himratul Aznita Wan; Baharuddin, Nor Adinar

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.011

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Also, 24 h plaque reformation can be safely measured as previously done [16]. Furthermore, in an earlier in vitro study the test mouthwash was found to exhibit significant anti-bacterial and anti-adherence activities [15]. Thus, the authors used the 24 h plaque re-growth protocol to confirm this in vitro result and to evaluate its impact on plaque formation using only the plaque index.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also significantly reduced the adherence of those bacteria to saliva covered glass beads which acted as tooth surfaces. When compared the anti-adherence effect of the combination with CHX, fewer primary colonizers adhered but it was statistically non-significant [15]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result was not surprising as the authors’ in vitro results had revealed better synergistic anti-adherence effect of the Gt and Sp extracts combination against primary colonizers than CHX, Gt extract and Sp extract alone. Less primary colonizers biofilm adhered to glass beads treated with the combination when compared to CHX after 2 h [15]. Although the difference was not significant, but this might have an effect on the plaque quantity formed after 24 h by providing less binding sites for the secondary plaque colonizers in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…assamica (family : Theaceae ) and roots of Salvadora persica L. (family : Salvadoraceae ) source, their aqueous extract preparation and their combination formulation were described in [15]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the author’s earlier in vitro investigation, a combination of 0.25 mg/ml Gt and 7.82 mg/ml Sp aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm ( S. mitis , S. sanguinis , and Actinomyces viscosus ) [15]. In addition, a 24 h plaque re-growth protocol has been used successfully in earlier clinical studies to evaluate the anti-plaque efficacy of various oral formulations [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Salvadora persica L. and green tea anti-plaque effect: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial

Abdulbaqi

Harun

Baharuddin

2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn the author’s earlier in vitro investigation, a combination of 0.25 mg/ml green tea and 7.82 mg/ml Salvadora persica L. aqueous extracts was found to exhibit significant synergistic anti-bacterial and anti-adherence effects against primary plaque colonizers biofilm. A clinical trial was needed to support these preliminary in vitro results and to investigate its efficacy as a mouthwash in the control of dental plaque.MethodsA 24 h plaque re-growth, double-blinded, randomized crossover trial was carried out. Participants (n = 14) randomly rinsed with test formulation, 0.12% chlorhexidine (control) and placebo mouthwashes for 24 h. A week before the trial, all participants received scaling, polishing and oral hygiene education. On the trial day, the participants received polishing at baseline and rinsed with 15 ml of randomly allocated mouthwash twice daily without oral hygiene measures. After 24 h, plaque index was scored and then the participants entered a 6-days washout period with regular oral hygiene measures. The same protocol was repeated for the next 2 mouthwashes.ResultsThe results were expressed as mean (±SD) plaque index. The test mouthwash (0.931 ± 0.372) significantly reduced plaque accumulation when compared with placebo (1.440 ± 0.498, p < 0.0167) and chlorhexidine (1.317 ± 0.344, p < 0.0167) mouthwashes. No significant difference was found between chlorhexidine and placebo (p > 0.0167).ConclusionsThe test mouthwash has an anti-plaque effect for a 24 h period. Longer-term clinical studies are highly encouraged to investigate its anti-plaque effect for longer periods.Trial registrationThis study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02624336 in December 3, 2015.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1487-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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