Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Aquatic Exercise in Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice

Abstract

Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathways responsible for the pathogenesis of asthma. Aquatic exercise (AE) has been proven to elicit a variety of biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, although proper forms of AE provide beneficial health effects, incorrect forms and types of AE are potentially injurious to health. Several studies have investigated AE, but the relationship between types of AE and asthma has not been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the effects of two types of AE according to resistance on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice. BALB/c mice were subjected to OVA sensitization and challenge, and then to different types of AE including, walking and swimming, in a pool filled with water to a height of 2.5 and 13 cm for 30 min, respectively. AE reduced OVA-induced eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and serum immunoglobulin E level. AE significantly inhibited increases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, histamine, leukotriene D4, and tryptase levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). AE also effectively suppressed mucus formation, lung fibrosis, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle within the lung tissues. This exercise markedly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde while increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues. Furthermore, AE significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 levels, and prostaglandin E2 production in BALF. The inhibitory effects of swimming on the levels of biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation were greater than that of walking. These effects may have occurred through upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling and suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Cumulative results from this study suggest that AE might be beneficial in mitigating the levels of biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, this therapy represents a crucial non-pharmacological intervention for treatments of allergic airway inflammation.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response During Particulate Matter Exposure in Mouse Lungs

“…Our data showed that proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in the PI group compared to the CON group, but exercise ameliorated its expression. Similar results from previous studies and current studies suggest that aerobic exercise has a protective role in decreasing the inflammatory response in the lungs (Gonçalves et al, 2012;Vieira et al, 2012;Cardoso et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019). Recent studies have shown that exposure to PM affects respiratory frequency, the number of breaths, and breathing volume (Brown et al, 2013).…”

Photobiomodulation ameliorates inflammatory parameters in fibroblast-like synoviocytes and experimental animal models of rheumatoid arthritis

“…Western blotting was performed as described previously ( 25 ). The cytosolic and nuclear fraction preparation was performed using ExKine™ Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction Kit (Abbkine, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Fermented and Aged Ginseng Sprouts (Panax ginseng) and Their Main Component, Compound K, Alleviate Asthma Parameters in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma through Suppression of Inflammation, Apoptosis, ER Stress, and Ferroptosis

“…All mice were randomly divided into five groups ( n = 5~10) as follows: sham control (CTL, n = 10), OVA ( n = 10), OVA + low dose of FAGS (LFAGS; 300 mg/kg/day, n = 5), OVA + high dose of FAGS (HFAGS; 600 mg/kg/day, n = 10), and OVA + CK (50 μM/kg/day, n = 5). The protocol for the induction and treatment of allergic asthma was modified based on a previous study [ 28 ]. On days 0, 7, and 14, 100 µg of OVA (Hyglos GmbH, Regensburg, Germany) dissolved in 200 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with 2 mg of aluminum hydroxide (alum; Invivo Gen, SanDiego, CA, USA) was intraperitoneally injected into each mouse for sensitization.…”

“…The increase in pulmonary resistance upon challenge with aerosolized MCh in awake mice was assessed to determine the degree of airway hyperresponsiveness using a whole-body plethysmograph (OCP 3000; Allmedicus, Gyeonggi, Korea) as previously described [ 28 ]. Briefly, mice were exposed to 25 and 50 mg/mL of MCh (Sigma) for 10 min using a nebulizer (HARVARD73-1963; Harvard Apparatus, MA, USA).…”

“…BALF collection and differential cell counts were performed as previously described [ 28 ]. Mice were sacrificed with avertin tribromoethanol (Sigma) at a lethal dosage to collect BALF; then, the lungs were lavaged with 1 mL of ice-cold PBS using a tracheostomy tube.…”