Anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001 in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Abstract

Purpose Previous reports showed that some probiotics provide beneficial effects on various diseases including metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum SKO-001 (SKO-001), a probiotic strain newly isolated from Angelica gigas. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for four weeks, and then different doses of SKO-001 (n = 10 each group) were orally given for 12 weeks. Following treatment, body weight, fat weight, serum parameters and adipose and liver tissues were analyzed. Results SKO-001 (2 × 1010 CFU/day, per os) reduced body weight gain after 10th week of administration, accompanied by a reduction in body fat mass of mice. In the SKO-001-fed group, increased serum adiponectin, decreased leptin, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglyceride levels were observed. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various fat depots showed that increased adipocyte size caused by HFD intake was markedly reduced and correlated with reduced mRNA levels of lipogenesis genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, and increased uncoupling protein 1 levels. Similarly, SKO-001 reduced lipid accumulation, decreased the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, and reduced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1 alpha 1 levels in the liver. Conclusions SKO-001 ameliorates obesity and related metabolic abnormalities in adipose and liver tissues, possibly via the regulation of lipid metabolism. Based on the results of the present study, SKO-001 may be applicable as an anti-obesity therapeutic or functional food.

A 12-Week, Single-Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SKO-001 in Reducing Body Fat

“…These results are consistent with research showing an increase in serum adiponectin levels, a decrease in LDL-C levels, and a decrease in body fat mass in rats. Some L. plantarum strains have been shown to decrease the mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, including SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, and C/EBPα [ 13 ]. Similarly, SKO-001 reduced lipid accumulation in the liver, lowered mRNA levels of lipogenic genes, and reduced α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1 alpha 1 levels [ 13 ].…”

“…One of the emerging potentially effective treatments for obesity prevention and/or treatment is the intake of probiotics to alter the composition of the gut microbiome [ 11 ]. Previous studies have reported that the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum , SKO-001, K50, KY1032, and LMT1-48 can reduce obesity and improve weight- or body fat-related indicators, possibly via the regulation of lipid metabolism [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…L. plantarum is a gram-positive bacillus that produces lactic acid by fermenting arabinose, glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, and dextran. It is generally recognised as safe and exhibits strong probiotic properties, with several strains commercialised as health-promoting supplements and functional foods [ 13 ]. L. plantarum SKO-001 (SKO-001) is an L. plantarum strain isolated from the root surface of Angelica gigas Nakai, a perennial plant used as a medicinal herb in China and Korea, and is deposited in the Biological Resources Centre of the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (Accession No.…”

“…The full-length genome sequence has been analysed and deposited in the U.S. National Center for Biological Information. Genome sequence registration has also been completed [ 13 ].…”

“…In vitro studies have demonstrated that SKO-001 treatment of differentiated adipose progenitor cells (3T3-L1) reduced fat accumulation, decreased fat differentiation and synthesis-related proteins, and inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase [ 13 ]. In addition, in an in vivo study using an animal model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet, SKO-001 treatment reduced body fat, decreased body weight, decreased factors related to fat synthesis and differentiation, increased factors regulating energy metabolism, increased thermogenic factors, and reduced liver fat accumulation [ 13 ].…”