Anti‐obesity effect of Allomyrina dichotoma (Arthropoda: Insecta) larvae ethanol extract on 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation

Abstract

Although Korean horn beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) larvae have been long used as an oriental medicine for the treatment of liver diseases in Korea, there is little scientific evidence of their effects. In this study, we investigated the anti‐obesity activity of A. dichotoma larvae extract (ADE) by using 3T3‐L1 cells as an in vitro model of adipogenesis. To analyze its role as an inhibitor of adipogenesis, 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with both ADE and differentiation inducer (DM) at the same time, and then the amount of lipid was quantified. We then analyzed the mRNA and protein expression level of adipogenic or lipogenic genes. The results showed that formation of lipid droplets in differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells was markedly decreased, and triglyceride content was reduced by 22.15% in response to 2000 μg/mL ADE. In addition, ADE downregulated mRNA and protein expression of transcription factors peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)‐α implicated in adipogenesis, and significantly decreased the expression levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl‐coenzyme desaturase‐1 (SCD1), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) related to lipogenesis. Our results demonstrate that ADE suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 cells, suggesting that ADE has anti‐obesity activity as a food supplement.

Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit Adipogenesis through AMPK and MAPKs Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…There has been an interest in developing effective bioactive products using beetles for health supplements or functional foods because of their nutrient components such as unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, fiber, and minerals [11,32,33]. Recently, it was reported that Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PBL) or Allomyrinal dichotoma larvae (ADL) have antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-neoplastic, and antiobesity properties [11,20,22,34]. In particular, ADL inhibited the differentiation of adipocytes through the downregulation of adipogenic or lipogenic transcription factors [11,22].…”

“…Recently, it was reported that Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PBL) or Allomyrinal dichotoma larvae (ADL) have antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-neoplastic, and antiobesity properties [11,20,22,34]. In particular, ADL inhibited the differentiation of adipocytes through the downregulation of adipogenic or lipogenic transcription factors [11,22]. In addition, central administration of an ethanol extract of ADL reduced food intake and body weight through the regulation of appetite-related neuropeptides in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice [23].…”

“…In our previous work, we reported that oral administration of another insect, Allomyrinal dichotoma , inhibits the differentiation of adipocytes in vitro and in vivo [11,22]. Furthermore, intracerebroventriular (ICV) administration of an ethanol extract of Allomyrinal dichotoma larvae (ADL) reduces food intake and body weight via the regulation of appetite-related neuropeptides including neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related protein (AgRP), and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice [23].…”

Exosome isolation from hemolymph of Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

“…In addition, its anti‐obesity, anti‐Alzheimers (Chung et al . ; Kim et al . ), anti‐hepatofibrotic, antineoplastic, antibiotic and antibacterial benefits have been investigated (Miyanoshita et al .…”

Hepatoprotective and Anticancer Activities of Allomyrina dichotoma Larvae

“…장수풍뎅 이 유충의 성분 및 생리활성에 대한 분석은 이미 진행된 적이 있는데, 유충에 대한 영양학적 성분분석 결과에서 유용한 필 수불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 것으로 알려져 건강식품으로 써의 가능성이 보고된 바가 있다 [43]. 그리고, 생화학적인 생리 활성 분석에서는 활성산소를 억제하는 항산화 효능이 보고가 되었고 [37], 항비만 [4] 및 항치매 효과도 [17] ( Fig. 2A).…”