Anti-obesity activity, acute toxicity, and chemical constituents of aqueous and ethanol Viola mandshurica extracts

Muscat Bailey A grape stalk is an organic waste produced in marked amounts during the vinification of grapes. Previous studies have indicated that grape stalk is rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, and exhibits antioxidant and UV-protective activities. However, its effects on obesity and obesity-associated disorders have not yet been investigated. The effects of grape stalk extract on improving metabolic features were examined using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. Oral administration of 200 mg/kg/day grape stalk extract over 16 weeks markedly prevented HFD-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, diabetic symptoms and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, grape stalk extract prevented oxidative stress and inflammation caused by HFD in mice. The beneficial effect may be associated with CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ down regulation in liver tissue. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that grape stalk extract may be a potent functional food ingredient for preventing obesity, hepatic steatosis and type 2 diabetes.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Muscat Bailey A grape stalk extract ameliorates high-fat diet‑induced obesity by downregulating PPARγ and C/EPBα in mice

Kim

Cho²,

Jang³

2018

“…It serves a role in reducing appetite and increasing energy consumption (30,31). It has been reported that leptin levels in the serum are increased in HFD-induced obese mice (32,33), causing leptin resistance (34). In the present study, it was proven that DLE reduced serum leptin levels in HFD-induced obese mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Anti-obesity effects of Diospyros�lotus leaf extract in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity

Kim

Cho²,

Jang³

2018

Diospyros (D.) lotus has been demonstrated to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of D. lotus leaf water extract (DLE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in c57BL/6 mice. The present study first investigated the effect of DLE on the lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents in 3T3-L1 cells, and the results revealed that treatment with DLE suppressed the lipid accumulation and TG level. Subsequently, the anti-obesity effects of DLE were investigated in vivo. Oral administration of DLE reduced the body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and liver and visceral fat weight in mice fed with a HFD. DLE administration in these mice also reduced TG, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin and leptin levels, as well as the atherogenic index. Furthermore, DLE administration decreased hepatic steatosis, as well as serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels in mice fed with HFD. It was further observed that treatment of the HFD-fed mice with DLE prevented lipid peroxidation, while it recovered glutathione depletion and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, the current study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of DLE may provide positive insights as a potential functional food ingredient for the prevention of obesity.

“…The effect of fat cell-derived adiponectin on insulin-sensitizing and fatty acid-oxidizing action is dependent on AMPK in the adipose tissue and liver ( 67 ). In the present study, it was revealed that mRNA expression of AMPKα was decreased in the liver of HFD mice, which suggested that the alterations in AMPKα expression enhanced the pathogenesis of lipid accumulation in the livers of NAFLD HFD mice ( 46 ). However, BHe significantly and dose-dependently stimulated AMPK expression and inhibited ACC1 mRNA expression in the hepatic tissues (in a manner comparable with the effects of 250 mg/kg metformin), which suggested that BHe ameliorated abnormal lipid metabolism through the suppression of lipogenesis and the promotion of fatty acid oxidation via the upregulation of AMPK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 in hepatic tissues, and mRNA expression of leptin, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), adiponectin, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, C/EBPβ and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in periovarian adipose tissue were determined using RT-qPCR ( 46 ). Briefly, RNA from adipose tissues was isolated using TRIzol ® reagent (Invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-obesity and fatty liver-preventing activities of Lonicera�caerulea in high-fat diet-fed mice

Kim¹,

Lee

Seol³

et al. 2018

Blue honeysuckle (BH, Lonicera caerulea) is used as a traditional medicine in Russia, Japan and China, but is not commonly considered as an edible berry in Europe, USA or Korea. BH has been revealed to decrease serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol (triglyceride or TG) levels through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus it is expected to be a health functional food and pharmaceutical agent for the prevention of non-alcoholic liver damage, in addition to effects as a suppressor of hyperlipidemia and as an anti-obesity agent. In the present study, the pharmacological activity of BH extract (BHe) was observed in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Significant increases in fat pad weight, body weight, fat accumulation (body and abdominal fat density, and thickness of the periovarian and abdominal wall) and serum biochemical levels (aspartate transaminase, alanine amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ-glutamyltransferase, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and TG, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein) were observed in HFD-fed mice. In addition, increases in adipocyte hypertrophy, the area of steatohepatitis and hepatocyte hypertrophy were observed, whereas decreased zymogen content was identified upon histopathological observation. Increased deterioration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system (liver catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed. In addition, there were decreases in hepatic glucokinase activity, AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 mRNA expression, adipose tissue uncoupling protein 2 expression, and adiponectin mRNA expression, increases in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity, hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 mRNA expression, and the expression of leptin, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, C/EBPβ and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c mRNA in the periovarian tissue. Furthermore, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity were significantly inhibited by the continuous administration of BHe for 84 days. These results revealed that BHe may be a promising novel drug or functional food candidate for the treatment of obesity and NAFLD.