Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein antibodies recognize HNK-1 epitope on CNS

Clinical and Immunological Features of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in the Era of Neuronal Cell Surface Antibodies

“…47,48 In brain, HNK-1 is present not only in MAG but also in several proteins such as cell adhesion molecules, tenascins, and integrins widely present in the brain. 49,50 These proteins as well as the HNK-1-containing GluR2 subunit of AMPAR, which was precipitated with the CSF of our patients, are involved in synaptic plasticity and a variety of neuronal functions. 20 …”

Sensitivity and specificity of a commercial ELISA test for anti-MAG antibodies in patients with neuropathy

“…1980), several laboratories reported the presence of these antibodies in approximately 50% of patients with neuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy (reviewed in Nobile-Orazio, 2013). Different techniques were used to detect anti-MAG antibodies in these patients including ELISA or radioimmunoassay with purified MAG, Western blot after electrophoresis of brain or peripheral myelin proteins or of purified MAG, ELISA or overlay immunostaining after chromatography for reactivity with crossreacting peripheral nerve glycolipids, indirect immunohistochemistry on peripheral nerve sections (reviewed in Nobile-Orazio, 2013) and more recently immunofluorescence for reactivity to HNK-1 (Matà et al, 2011). There was some variability in the detection of these antibodies using these different techniques (Nobile-Orazio, et al, 1989;Pestronk, et al, 1994;van den Berg, et al, 1996;Weiss et al, 1999;Jaskowski et al, 2004Jaskowski et al, & 2007Matà et al, 2011) making it difficult a comparison of the results among different laboratories.…”

“…Different techniques were used to detect anti-MAG antibodies in these patients including ELISA or radioimmunoassay with purified MAG, Western blot after electrophoresis of brain or peripheral myelin proteins or of purified MAG, ELISA or overlay immunostaining after chromatography for reactivity with crossreacting peripheral nerve glycolipids, indirect immunohistochemistry on peripheral nerve sections (reviewed in Nobile-Orazio, 2013) and more recently immunofluorescence for reactivity to HNK-1 (Matà et al, 2011). There was some variability in the detection of these antibodies using these different techniques (Nobile-Orazio, et al, 1989;Pestronk, et al, 1994;van den Berg, et al, 1996;Weiss et al, 1999;Jaskowski et al, 2004Jaskowski et al, & 2007Matà et al, 2011) making it difficult a comparison of the results among different laboratories. This might also reflect differences in the specificity (Nobile-Orazio, et al, 1989;Pestronk, et ql., 1994;Fluri, et al, 2003) or affinity (Ogino, et al, 1994) of these antibodies or in their binding capability to the antigen using different substrate.…”

Structure–Activity Relationship Studies, SPR Affinity Characterization, and Conformational Analysis of Peptides That Mimic the HNK‐1 Carbohydrate Epitope

“…Moreover, HNK‐1 was also found on neural cell adhesion molecules, myelin protein zero (P0), extracellular matrix proteins of the tenascin family, and in glycolipids such as the sulfate‐3‐glucuronyl paragloboside (SGPG), acting as a ligand for adhesion molecules and appearing to be associated with developmental events such as outgrowth of astrocytes and neuronal processes . Importantly from our viewpoint, patients affected by autoimmune neurological disorders such as IgM monoclonal gammopathy and demyelinating polyneuropathy often develop anti‐MAG antibodies that specifically target the HNK‐1 epitope, and therefore the identification and characterization of these antibodies is clinically relevant . For this reason, as both the chemical synthesis and the isolation from natural sources of HNK‐1 appear extremely difficult and time consuming, often leading to inconsistent material, the development of glycomimetics of this carbohydrate is indeed a desirable goal.…”

“…tients affected by autoimmunen eurological disorders such as IgM monoclonal gammopathy andd emyelinating polyneuropathy often develop anti-MAG antibodies that specificallyt arget the HNK-1 epitope, [17,18] and therefore the identification and characterization of these antibodies is clinically relevant. [19] For this reason,a sb otht he chemical synthesis and the isolation from naturals ourceso fH NK-1 appear extremely difficult andt ime consuming, [20] often leadingt oi nconsistentm aterial, the development of glycomimetics of this carbohydrate is indeed ad esirable goal. In fact, Simon-Haldie tal.…”