Anti-Müllerian Hormone: genetic and environmental effects

Shahrokhi, Seyedeh Zahra; Kazerouni, Faranak; Ghaffari, Firouzeh

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.027

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 115 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In females, AMH is produced by granulosa cells of the preantral and small antral follicles and is therefore detectable in serum only before menopause. Inconsistent findings have emerged from studies investigating the effects of conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, obesity, and smoking on AMH secretion (Shahrokhi et al ., ). AMH measurement can be used as an adjunct to other metabolic variables in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis (Pellatt et al ., ); although AMH directly correlates with the severity of hyperandrogenism and ovulatory disorders, the lack of a universally accepted threshold and the inter‐assay variability both make AMH useful as a surrogate marker, rather than an additional item for the Rotterdam classification (Dewailly et al ., ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Amh Expressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know?

Sansone

Kliesch²,

Isidori

et al. 2019

Andrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: It is commonly accepted that testicular function is prevalently regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: The pulsatile secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus induces pituitary expression of the two gonadotropins FSH and LH, which then stimulate Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively, therefore regulating steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. However, a growing body of evidence has recently suggested that other hormones act on the reproductive tract since the early phases of fetal development. Anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 are still largely used only for research purposes despite being increasingly recognized as markers of Sertoli and Leydig cells function, respectively. Objectives: Provide an up-to-date review of the role of anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 in human pathophysiology according to current evidence. Materials and Methods: A thorough literature review was performed on PubMed, OVID MEDLINE/EMBASE and Google Scholar for papers concerning anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 in human males. Results: INSL3 is not acutely regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis but is constitutively secreted by Leydig cells, therefore representing a valid marker for their number and status. Anti-M€ ullerian hormone expression, on the other hand, is downregulated by androgens, therefore occurring mostly at the early stages of testicular differentiation and before the onset of puberty. Several conditions affecting testicular development, such as male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and their treatment have been associated to specific pattern of INSL3 and anti-M€ ullerian hormone expression, proving a role for both hormones in the diagnostic and therapeutic management. Recent reports suggest a role for both anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 in extra gonadal physiology, such as cardiovascular and bone health. Conclusion: Anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 are markers of Sertoli and Leydig cells maturation, respectively, usually involved in the pathogenesis of disorders of sexual differentiation. However, their role in testicular pathology has only been hinted at in the last decades. Recent evidence supports an involvement of both anti-M€ ullerian hormone and INSL3 in extragonadal pathophysiology as well.

show abstract

Section: Regulation Of Amh Expressionmentioning

confidence: 97%

AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know?

Sansone

Kliesch²,

Isidori

et al. 2019

Andrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein of the TGF-β superfamily and is produced by the granulosa cells of pre-antral and early antral ovarian follicles in several species ( Umer et al, 2019 ). It is generally accepted that AMH inhibits the activation of mammalian primordial follicles ( Shahrokhi et al, 2018 ). An earlier study using AMH -knockout mice has already shown that there were more growing follicles and fewer primordial follicles in AMH –/– mice compared with the control group ( Durlinger et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Activation Of Primordial Folliclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Factors and Pathways Regulating the Activation of Mammalian Primordial Follicles in vivo

Yao

Yang

Shi

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mammalian ovaries consist of follicles as basic functional units. Each follicle comprised an innermost oocyte and several surrounding flattened granulosa cells. Unlike males, according to the initial size of the primordial follicle pool and the rate of its activation and depletion, a female's reproductive life has been determined early in life. Primordial follicles, once activated, will get into an irreversible process of development. Most follicles undergo atretic degeneration, and only a few of them could mature and ovulate. Although there are a lot of researches contributing to exploring the activation of primordial follicles, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Thus, in this review, we collected the latest papers and summarized the signaling pathways as well as some factors involved in the activation of primordial follicles, hoping to lead to a more profound understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of primordial follicle activation.

show abstract

“…In female embryos, absence of AMH allows the Müllerian ducts to develop into the uterus, the fallopian tubes, the upper third of the vagina and the outer lining of the ovaries [8,16]. Around the 36th week of gestation, granulosa cells of small growing ovarian follicles undergoing initial recruitment begin to secrete AMH [10,18,19]. Shortly after birth in females, the serum AMH concentration drops but it increases again around the age of two [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissue

Gowkielewicz

Lipka

Piotrowska

et al. 2019

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a commonly known factor secreted by Sertoli cells, responsible for regression of the Müllerian ducts in male fetuses. AMH has also other functions in humans. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that AMH inhibits cell cycle and induces apoptosis in cancers with AMH receptors. The aim of the study was to assess whether the tissue of pre-cancerous states of endometrium (PCS) and various histopathologic types of endometrial cancer (EC) exhibit the presence of AMH. We aimed to investigate whether the potential presence of the protein concerns menopausal women or those regularly menstruating, and whether is related to cancers with a good or a bad prognosis, as well as what other factors may influence AMH expression. The undertaken analysis was carried out on tissues retrieved from 232 women who underwent surgical treatment for PCS and EC. Tissues were prepared for immunohistochemical assessment with the use of a tissue microarrays method. AMH expression was confirmed in 23 patients with well differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G1), moderately differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G2), clear cell carcinoma (CCA) and nonatypical hyperplasia. AMH was not found in EC tissues in regularly menstruating women. An appropriately long mean period of breastfeeding in line with a prolonged period of hormonal activity had a positive effect on AMH expression. Our results may suggest that AMH is a factor which protects the organism against cancer, and should be further investigated as a potential prognosis marker and a therapeutic agent.

show abstract

Anti-Müllerian Hormone: genetic and environmental effects

Cited by 34 publications

References 115 publications

AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know?

AMH and INSL3 in testicular and extragonadal pathophysiology: what do we know?

The Factors and Pathways Regulating the Activation of Mammalian Primordial Follicles in vivo

Anti-Müllerian Hormone Expression in Endometrial Cancer Tissue

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About