Anti‐microbial Susceptibility of <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Argentina

Denamiel, G.; Llorente, P.; Carabella, M.; Rebuelto, M.; Gentilini, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00830.x

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this present study, kanamycin and neomycin were the most effective and oleandomycin was the least effective antimicrobial agent for all Streptococcus isolates. Although penicillin G was highly effective (85%) on these isolates, its effect was not as great as observed for Argentine isolates (100%; Denamiel et al, 2005). We detected low resistance (6%) to penicillin among S. uberis, results incongruent with reports from other studies where a complete lack of resistance was observed (Gianneechini et al, 2002;Denamiel et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from bovine subclinical mastitis cases

2010

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The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococci and Streptococci were assessed from subclinical mastitis cases. One hundred Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and 34 Streptococci were identified. The most frequently isolated species were Staphylococcus haemolyticus (27%) and Staphylococcus simulans (24%). Susceptible CNS species revealed the highest resistance to penicillin G (58%), ampicillin (48%), neomycin (20%), and oleandomycin (14%). CNS methicillin resistance rates within 82 isolates were 21.95% and 1.22% by disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. These results suggested the disk diffusion method was more prone to yield false positives. Partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA region from the mecA carrying isolate (S. haemolyticus) was homologous with S. haemolyticus sequences/accessions obtained from GenBank. However, the mecA gene sequence from this isolate was more closely allied with the S. aureus mecA gene of human origins. Identical sequence data was acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between the two species. CNS beta-lactamase activity within 81 isolates was 29.63%. The most frequently isolated Streptococcus species were S. uberis (52%) and S. agalactiae (15%). Oleandomycin was the least effective antimicrobial agent on these isolates with 59% susceptibility. Results indicated that CNS and Streptococci exhibited various antimicrobial resistance responses. Consequently, isolation and identification of udder pathogens in herds suffering from subclinical agents is essential to select the most effective antimicrobial agent. Moreover, multiple resistance features of methicillin resistant (MR) isolates should be considered during antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Streptococci are also major bovine mastitis pathogens. Denamiel et al (2005) indicated that mastitis causative Streptococci are usually susceptible to penicillin G (100%), erythromycin (72.4%), and clindamycin (74.5%). Previous CNS identification methods relied on phenotypic and biochemical tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from bovine subclinical mastitis cases

2010

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“…The bulk of these clones were from the surface of the tongue (29.3 %), with only two clones being isolated from the stomach and one from the intestines (Supplementary Table S3). Strains of S. dysgalactiae are associated with a variety of diseases (Denamiel et al, 2005;Kawata et al, 2003;Vela et al, 2006), and strains of S. dysgalactiae have previously been reported in the cloaca of the adult female tammar wallaby (Chhour et al, 2008). This species was also detected in the pouch of tammar wallaby 8837 carrying a day-old pouch young.…”

Section: Git Bacteria Of the Pouch Youngmentioning

confidence: 91%

An observational study of the microbiome of the maternal pouch and saliva of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, and of the gastrointestinal tract of the pouch young

et al. 2010

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An observational study of the microbiome of the maternal pouch and saliva of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, and of the gastrointestinal tract of the pouch young Marsupial mammals, born in an extremely atricial state with no functional immune system, offer a unique opportunity to investigate both the developing microbiome and its relationship to that of the mother and the potential influence of this microbiome upon the development of the immune system. In this study we used a well-established marsupial model animal, Macropus eugenii, the tammar wallaby, to document the microbiome of three related sites: the maternal pouch and saliva, and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the young animal. We used molecular-based methods, targeting the 16S rDNA gene to determine the bacterial diversity at these study sites.In the maternal pouch, 41 unique phylotypes, predominantly belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, were detected, while in the saliva, 48 unique phylotypes were found that predominantly belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. The GIT of the pouch young had a complex microbiome of 53 unique phylotypes, even though the pouch young were still permanently attached to the teat and had only been exposed to the external environment for a few minutes immediately after birth while making their way from the birth canal to the maternal pouch. Of these 53 phylotypes, only nine were detected at maternal sites. Overall, the majority of bacteria isolated were novel species (,97 % identity to known 16S rDNA sequences), and each study site (i.e. maternal pouch and saliva, and the GIT of the pouch young) possessed its own unique microbiome. INTRODUCTIONMetatherian mammals or marsupials are characterized by short gestation periods ranging from only 11 days in the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura (Renfree, 2006), to 35 days in the koala, Phascolartos cinereus (Tyndale- Biscoe & Renfree, 1987). At birth, many of the major body systems, including the immune system, are immature, yet the young animal has well-developed forelimbs, mouth and tongue, features which allow it to make its way from the birth canal and into the maternal pouch. Here the young animal attaches itself to a teat and subsequently undergoes the major processes of development and maturation ( Fig. 1) (Tyndale-Biscoe & Janssen, 1988;Tyndale-Biscoe, 2005).Despite an immature immune system, the pouch young is able to survive in the pouch environment, which is known to contain a range of micro-organisms (Deakin & Cooper, 2004;Old & Deane, 1998). It has been presumed that aAbbreviations: ARDRA, amplified rDNA restriction analysis; GIT, gastrointestinal tract.The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rDNA phylotype sequences determined in this study are GQ358790-GQ358918.Three supplementary tables, showing phylotypes found in the pouch of three tammar wallabies and their closest identity to 16S rDNA sequences in GenBank, phylotypes found in the saliva of three adult tammar wallabies and their closest 16S rDNA identity to 16S rDNA sequences in Ge...

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“…AB002504). Strains of this subspecies are known to be major pathogens in bovine mastitis (Denamiel et al, 2005;Park et al, 2002) and they have also recently been reported to cause bacteraemia in puppies (Vela et al, 2006). The closely related bacterium, S. dysgalactiae subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

et al. 2008

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The bacterial diversity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the adult female tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, was determined in order to ascertain whether the physical proximity of the openings of these tracts within the cloaca affected the two populations of bacteria. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of 42 wallabies identified 81 different terminal fragments, indicative of diverse and complex microbiomes at these anatomical locations. Subsequent amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) identified 72 phylotypes from the urogenital tract and 50 from the anal tract. Twenty-two of these phylotypes were common to both tracts. Phylogenetic analysis of sequenced 16S rDNA showed that 83 % of the phylotypes were unidentified species based on the premise that any sequence possessing ,97 % homology to a known bacterial species or phylotype was novel. Thus, despite the close proximity of the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts within the cloaca, the two sites retained a diverse range of distinct bacteria, with only a small percentage of overlapping species. INTRODUCTIONMetatherian (marsupial) mammals offer a unique biological opportunity to investigate the relationship between the microflora of the urogenital and anal tracts. In contrast to eutherian (placental) mammals, which possess separate openings of the digestive and urogenital systems, most marsupials possess a common posterior chamber for these systems -the cloaca (Tyndale-Briscoe, 2005; Fig. 1). This structural feature might imply that bacteria from one tract have easy access to the other. To date, the bacteria associated with these two sites have not been studied in marsupials, although in humans it has been noted that the bacteria of the urogenital tract may vary and can be influenced by bacteria growing in the anal tract and thus occasionally can cause urogenital disease (Reid et al., 2001;Tannock, 1999).The tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, is regarded as a model marsupial (Tyndale-Briscoe, 2005) with more than 30 years of fundamental research into its basic biology. Despite this, little is known about the bacterial populations of this animal, all published studies having used culture-based methods that are known to be biased in favour of a small percentage of the total microbiome (Hume, 1999; Lentle et al., 2006;Old & Deane, 1998;Yadav et al., 1972).In this study we used molecular-based methods targeting the 16S rDNA gene to document the bacteria at the openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of 42 female tammar wallabies and undertook a comprehensive comparison of the major phylotypes and their diversity. This is believed to be the first extensive report of the bacterial species within the openings of these two tracts in any marsupial. The results showed that despite the close anatomical proximity of the openings of these tracts, each opening possessed a diverse and complex bacterial population comprising mainly unidentified species.Abbreviations: ARDRA, amplified rDNA restriction analysis; T-...

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Anti‐microbial Susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Argentina

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from bovine subclinical mastitis cases

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Streptococci from bovine subclinical mastitis cases

An observational study of the microbiome of the maternal pouch and saliva of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, and of the gastrointestinal tract of the pouch young

The microbiome of the cloacal openings of the urogenital and anal tracts of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

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