Anti-Microbial and Remineralizing Properties of Self-Adhesive Orthodontic Resin Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Abstract

Self-adhesive resins (SARs) contain adhesives, which simplify the procedures of resin application, and primers, which provide sufficient bonding ability. In this study, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) were added to a SAR to easily improve the physical properties and remineralization ability. The experimental resins comprised 1%, 3%, and 5% MBN mixed in Ortho Connect Flow (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan). As the MBN content in the SAR increased, the microhardness increased, and a statistically significant difference was observed between the cases of 1% and 5% MBN addition. Shear bond strength increased for 1% and 3% MBN samples and decreased for 5% MBN. The addition of MBN indicated a statistically significant antibacterial effect on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The anti-demineralization experiment showed that the remineralization length increased with the MBN content of the sample. Through the above results, we found that SAR containing MBN has antibacterial and remineralization effects. Thus, by adding MBN to the SAR, we investigated the possibility of orthodontic resin development, wherein the strength is enhanced and the drawbacks of the conventional SAR addressed.

A Narrative Review of Bioactive Glass-Loaded Dental Resin Composites

“…A total of 20 studies [ 24 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ] were found to evaluate the mechanical properties of BAG-loaded dental resin composites, where flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), biaxial flexural strength (BFS), modulus of resilience (MR), fatigue crack growth, compressive strength (CS), microhardness (MH), bond strength, and fracture toughness have mainly been analyzed ( Table 3 ).…”

“…In addition to three-point bending flexural strength, research demonstrated that a decrease of 30% in the biaxial strength is observed for Ag-containing BAG-loaded composites [ 38 ]. In addition, adding Ag- or Zn-doped BAG [ 45 ], mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) [ 44 ], or graphene oxide-doped bioactive glass (GO-BAG) [ 49 ] to the resin adhesive enhanced the microhardness. Furthermore, resin adhesive modified with Ag- [ 45 , 47 ] or Zn-doped BAG [ 45 ] showed no significant difference in shear bond strength, compared with control resin adhesive.…”

“…Furthermore, resin adhesive modified with Ag- [ 45 , 47 ] or Zn-doped BAG [ 45 ] showed no significant difference in shear bond strength, compared with control resin adhesive. However, 5% MBG-loaded resin showed a slight decrease in the bond strength [ 44 ]. The shear bond strength decreased as the amount of GO-BAG in the resins increased [ 49 ].…”

“…A total of 26 pieces of research [ 14 , 15 , 25 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 ] are related to the mineralization ability of BAG-loaded dental resin composites, including the capacity of dental materials to release remineralizing ions, elevate surrounding pH, and precipitate apatite, as well as the abilities of anti-demineralization and remineralization of teeth and the maintenance of mechanical properties of teeth ( Table 4 ).…”

“…Except for the 20 wt% BAG group, which plateaued at pH = 9, other materials attained a stable pH at only 6–7. Moreover, the remineralization and the anti-demineralization length of enamel were tested using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) by submerging samples in demineralization solution for 6 h, which was followed by 18 h in remineralization solution for 14 days [ 44 , 45 , 49 , 64 ]. Results showed that as the BAG concentration increased, so did the remineralization and anti-demineralization length.…”