Anti-microbial activity of smoke from different woods

Asita, A.O.; Campbell, Iivi

doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.1990.tb00273.x

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These organic compounds can have stimulatory, inhibitory or no impact on microbial growth [70,129]. As seen in Table 2, some biochars have high volatile matter contents.…”

Section: Box 1 Volatile Organic Compounds Sorbed On Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential hypotheses explaining these effects have focused mainly on abiotic interactions (e.g., pH changes, bulk density decreases, alterations in nutrient availability, water retention increases, biochar structure, and soil structure alterations), providing additional microbial habitat, as well as promotion of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [65,66]. Recent research has also indicated the potential role of volatiles (sorbed or produced; Box 1) in the suppression of microbial nitrification rates and other microbial processes [67][68][69][70][71][72], which could also influence biotic biochar Microbial degradation of charcoal has been noted for some time [73,74] along with recent observations of wooddecaying fungi capable of degrading (solubilizing) lowgrade coals (e.g., lignite) [75][76][77]. These observations would suggest the role of fungi in the biological degradation of biochars, with the primary pathway through extracellular enzymes.…”

Section: Microbial Degradation Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios

Spokas¹

2010

Carbon Management

951

506

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Biochar is not a structured homogeneous material; rather it possesses a range of chemical structures and a heterogeneous elemental composition. This variability is based on the conditions of pyrolysis and the biomass parent material, with biochar spanning the range of various forms of black carbon. Thereby, this variability induces a broad spectrum in the observed rates of reactivity and, correspondingly, the overall chemical and microbial stability. From evaluating the current biochar and black carbon degradation studies, there is the suggestion of an overall relationship in biochar stability as a function of the molar ratio of oxygen to carbon (O:C) in the resulting black carbon. In general, a molar ratio of O:C lower than 0.2 appears to provide, at minimum, a 1000-year biochar half-life. The O:C ratio is a function of production temperature, but also accounts for other impacts (e.g., parent material and post-production conditioning/oxidation) that are not captured solely with production temperature. Therefore, the O:C ratio could provide a more robust indicator of biochar stability than production parameters (e.g., pyrolysis temperature and biomass type) or volatile matter determinations.

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“…These organic compounds can have stimulatory, inhibitory or no impact on microbial growth [70,129]. As seen in Table 2, some biochars have high volatile matter contents.…”

Section: Box 1 Volatile Organic Compounds Sorbed On Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Degradation Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios

Spokas¹

2010

Carbon Management

951

506

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“…have shown to inhibit microbial growth with Khaya spp. exhibiting the most pronounced antimicrobial effect (Asita and Campbell, 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of smoke inhalation therapy to treat microbial infections

Braithwaite¹,

Vuuren²,

Viljoen³

2008

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…Antimicrobial effect of smoke condensates from different woods against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli has been demonstrated (Asita & Campbell, 1990). However, the extract of Eriocephalus punctulatus has been shown to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, and also inhibit acetylcholinesterase (Njenga & Viljoen, 2006;Samie & Nefefe, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asita and Campbell (1990) with some modification. The smoke condensed in an inverted glass funnel which was placed above the open top.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clastogenic and Cytotoxic Effects of Four Pesticides Used to Control Insect Pests of Stored Products on Root Meristems of Allium cepa

Asita¹,

Mokhobo²

2013

ENRR

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While the use of pesticides of stored product has increased productivity in agriculture, there is concern about their use because some are mutagens and/or carcinogens, harm non-target organisms or cause pest resistance. In this study Grain Treat (GT) (Mercaptothion, 10 g kg -1 , Permethrin 1.5 g kg -1 ); QuickPhos (QP) (Aluminium Phosphide, 560 g kg -1 ); Nuvan Profi (NP) (Dichlorvos, 124 g kg) and Eriocephalus punctulatus plant smoke condensate (EPSC) were evaluated for cytotoxicity and the induction of genotoxicity in the onion (Allium cepa) test. Onion seeds were germinated and exposed to pesticides (mg ml -1 ), GT (12.5, 25, 50); QP (0.75, 1.5, 3.0); NP (0.064, 0.128, 0.256); EPSC (0.0025, 0.0049, 0.0098) for 24 hours. For each concentration, three root tips were transferred to three microscope slides, stained with aceto-carmine, covered with cover slip, squashed and observed microscopically. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by each pesticide concentration was compared with the value for the concomitant negative control using t-test. Only QP (3.0 mg mL -1 ) and NP (0.256 mg mL -1 ) significantly depressed the MI, i.e. cytotoxic (P < 0.05). Genotoxicity was determined by examining, 100 anaphase and telophase cells on each of three slides per concentration for chromosome aberration (CA). The three concentrations of each pesticide induced CAs (P < 0.05) in the following general order of frequency; stickiness > multipolarity > c-mitosis > anaphase and telophase bridges > chromosome Largards. The induction of sticky chromosomes indicated that the pesticides caused abnormal DNA condensation, abnormal chromosome coiling and inactivated the spindles. Because abnormalities of the cell division process results from the genotoxic effects of environmental chemicals, the four pesticides have the potential to cause aneuploidy in exposed organisms and adverse human health and environmental effects.

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Anti-microbial activity of smoke from different woods

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios

Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios

Validation of smoke inhalation therapy to treat microbial infections

Clastogenic and Cytotoxic Effects of Four Pesticides Used to Control Insect Pests of Stored Products on Root Meristems of Allium cepa

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