Anti-membrane and anti-spike antibodies are long-lasting and together discriminate between past COVID-19 infection and vaccination

Amjadi, Maya F.; Adyniec, Ryan R; Gupta, Srishti; Bashar, S. Janna; Mergaert, Aisha M; Braun, Katarina M.; Moreno, Gage K.; O’Connor, David H.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; Safdar, Nasia; McCoy, Sara S.; Shelef, Miriam A.

doi:10.1101/2021.11.02.21265750

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Further, many national cross-sectional surveys of residual sera employed serologic assays which detected only anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (7,13). It has been noted that not all children with SARS-CoV-2 infection develop these antibodies to nucleocapsid, and among those that do the response may be short-lived compared with anti-spike antibodies (27,28). As such, our study likely captured more infections through the use of an assay detecting both anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence amongst children and adolescents in North Carolina

Ahmed¹,

DeWitt²,

Dantuluri³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Few prospective studies have documented the seropositivity among those children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). From April 2, 2021, to June 24, 2021, we prospectively enrolled children between the ages of 2 and 17 years at three North Carolina healthcare systems. Participants received at least four at-home serological tests detecting the presence of antibodies against, but not differentiating between, the nucleocapsid or spike antigen. A total of 1058 participants were enrolled in the study, completing 2709 tests between May 1, 2021, and October 31, 2021. Using multi-level regression with poststratification techniques and considering our assay sensitivity and sensitivity, we estimated that the seroprevalence of infection-induced antibodies among unvaccinated children and adolescents aged 2-17 years in North Carolina increased from 15.2% (95% credible interval, CrI 9.0-22.0) in May 2021 to 54.1% (95% CrI 46.7-61.1) by October 2021, indicating an average infection-toreported-case ratio of 5. A rapid rise in seropositivity was most pronounced in those unvaccinated children aged 12-17 based on our estimates. This study underlines the utility of serial, serological testing to inform a broader understanding of the regional immune landscape and spread of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence amongst children and adolescents in North Carolina

Ahmed¹,

DeWitt²,

Dantuluri³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Infect.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Future directions of this work should help address some of these limitations, for example by including more detail on antibody levels, or by including antibody measurements that may be able to distinguish between natural and vaccine-acquired immunity (Amjadi et al, 2021). It could further make use of more comprehensive information on PCR detection curves taking into account correlations in detectability since time from infection and pointly jointly estimating these curves using individual level data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating epidemiological quantities from repeated cross-sectional prevalence measurements

Abbott

Funk

2022

Preprint

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Background Repeated measurements of cross-sectional prevalence of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) positivity or seropositivity provide rich insight into the dynamics of an infection. The UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) Community Infection Survey publishes such measurements for SARS-CoV-2 on a weekly basis based on testing enrolled households, contributing to situational awareness in the country. Here we present estimates of time-varying and static epidemiological quantities that were derived from the estimates published by ONS. Methods We used a gaussian process to model the incidence of infections and then estimated observed PCR prevalence by convolving our modelled incidence estimates with a previously published PCR detection curve describing the probability of a positive test as a function of the time since infection. We refined our incidence estimates using time-varying estimates of antibody prevalence combined with a model of antibody positivity and waning that moved individuals between compartments with or without antibodies based on estimates of new infections, vaccination, probability of seroconversion and waning. Results We produced incidence curves of infection describing the UK epidemic from late April 2020 until early 2022. We used these estimates of incidence to estimate the time-varying growth rate of infections and combined them with estimates of the generation interval to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers. Biological parameters describing seroconversion and waning, while based on a simple model, were broadly in line with plausible ranges from individual-level studies. Conclusions Beyond informing situational awareness and allowing for estimates using individual-level data, repeated cross-sectional studies make it possible to estimate epidemiological parameters from population-level models. Studies or public health surveillance methods based on similar designs offer opportunities for further improving our understanding of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogens and their interaction with population-level immunity.

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“…Consequently, prescreening of Vax-CCP donors for nAb titers is not necessary, and qualification of Vax-CCP units remains advisable only within clinical trials. A more objective way to assess previous infection (convalescence) would be measuring anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies, but unfortunately these vanish quickly 34 , 35 . Previous symptomatic infection and vaccination can be established by collecting past medical history (PMH) during the donor selection visit, which is cheaper, faster, and more reliable than measuring rapidly declining anti-N antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of anti-Omicron neutralizing antibody titers in different vaccinated and unvaccinated convalescent plasma sources

Focosi

Franchini

Joyner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOCs), with its escape from unboosted vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, is demanding for a return to COVID19 convalescent plasma therapies. Lessons learnt from previous usage of CCP suggests focusing on outpatients and using high nAb-titer units in early disease stages. In this systematic analysis, we show that CCP from unvaccinated donors is not effective against Omicron, while CCP from vaccinees convalescents from previous VOCs or third-dose uninfected vaccinees is likely to remain effective against Omicron. countries. CCP remains the only antibody-based therapy that keeps up with the variants and provides an effective tool to combat the emergence of variants that defeat monoclonal antibodies. Consequently, there is a need for continue study of the variables that determine CCP efficacy.

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Anti-membrane and anti-spike antibodies are long-lasting and together discriminate between past COVID-19 infection and vaccination

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Characterisation of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence amongst children and adolescents in North Carolina

Characterisation of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence amongst children and adolescents in North Carolina

Estimating epidemiological quantities from repeated cross-sectional prevalence measurements

Analysis of anti-Omicron neutralizing antibody titers in different vaccinated and unvaccinated convalescent plasma sources

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