Anti-melanoma and UV-B protective effect of microbial pigment produced by marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa GS-33

Abstract

Bioactivity of a microbial pigment, extracted from fermented broth of culture marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa was screened for anticancer activity against human skin melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2. Upon characterisation, the pigment was confirmed as Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). The PCA was found effective against SK-MEL-2 cell line at low concentration (GI50 value <10 μg/mL). Reduced cell density and cell shrinkage with typical morphological changes such as rounding of cells with loss/breaking of cell membrane were seen in SK-MEL-2 cells treated with PCA and Adriamycin. The pigment exhibited UV-B protecting activity as calculated by in vitro spectrophotometric assay and potentiated sun protection factor of commercial sunscreen lotion. Moreover, the pigment was non-toxic up to concentration of 100 ppm as assessed erythrocyte haemolysis assay. These results suggest that microbial pigment PCA could be effective and promising in the treatment as well as prevention of melanoma skin cancers.

Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention

“…Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) has been produced, purified and characterized by the marine bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa GS-33 [ 19 ]. This compound showed a potent dose-dependent anticancer activity on SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells with a GI 50 (growth inhibition of 50%) of 2.30 μg/mL (since a GI 50 value of 10 μg/mL is considered to demonstrate anticancer activity in the case of pure compounds [ 20 ]).…”

Antioxidant and Anti‐Pollution Effect of Naturally Occurring Carotenoids Astaxanthin and Crocin for Human Skin Protection

“…Shanmugapriya et al (2019) [45] and Patil et al ( 2016) [46] demonstrated the efficacy of ASX not only in inhibiting ROS but also in inhibiting certain cancer cells. Skin pre-treatment with AT caused only poor cell viability compared to pretreatment with ASX-T, ASX-O and CRO at the same concentration (4 μM).…”

An Overview on Industrial and Medical Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria

“…PCA (Phenazine -1-carboxylic acid) pigment extracted from marine P. aeruginosa sp. GS-33 correspondingly showed inhibition against SK-MEL-2 (human skin melanoma cell line) [105]. Another pigment violacein extracted from Antarctic bacterium isolate, identified as a member of the genus Janthinobacterium (named as Janthinobacterium sp.…”

“…Considering the cosmetic market value worldwide, researchers have also made efforts to explore the use of marine-derived bpBPs in skincare products. The addition of the pigment PCA in a solution of commercial sunscreen enhanced its UV-B (ultraviolet B-rays) protection and increased the SPF (sun protection factor) values up to 10% to 30% [105].…”