Anti-melanogenesis Active Constituents from the Extracts of Carpinus turczaninowii Leaves

Abstract

Melanin synthesis inhibition activities were investigated for the extracts prepared from the leaves of Carpinus turczaninowii (C. turczaninowii) by using B16F10 melanoma cells. As a result, the ethanol extract (100 µg/mL) showed 72.2% inhibition activities without cell toxicities in MTT assays. For the solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water), the most potent activities were observed at the ethyl acetate fraction. To isolate the active constituents, the ethyl acetate fraction was further purified to afford four compounds; ethyl gallate (1), quercetin rhamnose (2), kaempferol rhamnose (3) and quercetin galloylrhamnose (4). The identification of the isolates was made by spectroscopic data including NMR spectra, and all of the compounds 1-4 were isolated for the first time from the leaves of C. turczaninowii. Anti-melanogenesis activities were studied for the isolates 1-4, and the compound 4 was determined to decrease the melanin synthesis dose-dependently without causing cell toxicities. ELISA measurement indicated that the isolate 4 decreased the contents of cell tyrosinase, a critical enzyme in melanogenesis. Based on these results, the extracts of C. turczaninowii were found to be applicable as whitening ingredients in cosmetic formulations.

Carpinus turczaninowiiextract modulates arterial inflammatory response: a potential therapeutic use for atherosclerosis

“…C. turczaninowii belongs to the Betulaceae family; it is a deciduous woody plant usually grown in the Jeju islands of Korea [19]. Very few recent studies have reported the antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects of leaves and branches of C. turczaninowii , thereby suggesting the potential use as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases [15161722]. As reported in other studies [15161722], the current study also evaluates the antioxidant capacity of the C. turczaninowii extract.…”

“…Considering that NO is one of the inflammatory mediators, NO generation from the cells were slightly, but dose-dependently decreased, after 24 h C. turczaninowii extract treatment (25 to 200 µg/mL) [15]. Kang et al [17] also showed dose-dependent reduction of NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (1 µg/mL of LPS) after exposure to the extract (12.5 to 100 µg/mL). In addition, in their study of NO inhibition by 260 types of Jeju plant extracts, Yang et al reported about 69% inhibition of NO and 80% viability of RAW264.7 cells after exposure to 100 µg/mL of C. turczaninowii extract [22].…”

“…Among the natural candidates, the abundant phytochemicals present in plant sources have attracted great attention because of their pleiotropic functions including antioxidant capacity, enzyme modulation and gene transcription [11121314]. Recently, it is reported that leaves and branches of Carpinus turczaninowii ( C. turczaninowii ) have antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects [151617]. As reported by Ko et al [1516] the extract from C. turczaninowii branches inhibits the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells.…”

“…As reported by Ko et al [1516] the extract from C. turczaninowii branches inhibits the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells. Kang et al [17] also reported antioxidant, skin-whitening (reduced cellular melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells), anti-inflammation (reduced NO production in RAW264.7 cells) and antibacterial properties of the C. turczaninowii leaf extract. The roots and leaves of C. turczaninowii have been used for improvement of fatigue from excessive physical labor as well as the treatment of bruises or abscesses [from Illustration book of Korean medicinal herb].…”