Anti-Inflammatory, Thrombolytic and Hair-Growth Promoting Activity of the n-Hexane Fraction of the Methanol Extract of Leea indica Leaves

Abstract

The anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, and hair growth-promoting activity of the n-hexane fraction from the methanol extract of Leea indica (NFLI) leaves was investigated. NFLI showed significant inhibition of hemolysis and protein denaturation, and exhibited a concentration-dependent thrombolytic activity. When applied topically to mice at concentrations of 10, 1, 0.1%, NFLI demonstrated a significant increase in average hair length (p < 0.001) compared with untreated animals. NFLI (1% concentration) exhibited the highest percentage of hair regrowth on day 7, 14 and 21 (81.24, 65.60, and 62.5%, respectively). An in silico study was further conducted to predict the binding affinity of phytochemicals previously reported in L. indica towards PGD2 synthase (PDB ID: 2VD1), an enzyme that catalyses the isomerisation of prostaglandin H2 to PGD2 which is involved in hair loss. Phthalic acid, farnesol, n-tricosane, n-tetracosane, and n-heptacosane showed the best ligand efficiencies towards PGD2 synthase and their intermolecular interactions were visualised using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. Our results indicate that L. indica could represent a promising natural alternative to tackle alopecia.

Qualitative phytochemical screening and in vitro thrombolytic activity of Capparis decidua Edgew. Fruit

“…In addition to the presence of phytochemicals, C. decidua fruits were also found to possess thrombolytic efficacy as shown in Table 2. Several plant species have been screened for in vitro thrombolytic potential [13,21] and some of the plants have shown similar in vitro percent thrombolytic potential for example, 32.58% clot lysis activity by leaves of Leea indica [22], 31.61% by leaves of Senna sophera and 31.51% fruits of Solanum torvum [23], 23.11% by chloroform extract of fruits of Ficus glomerata [24], 30.17% and 22.53% clot lysis by bark and seeds of Tamarindus indica respectively [25], 32.94% by seeds of Sesamum indicum [26], etc.…”

Chemical Profiling, Pharmacological Insights and In Silico Studies of Methanol Seed Extract of Sterculia foetida

“…Formalin-Induced Paw-Licking Test Animals were randomly divided and treated as described for the acetic acid-induced writhing test. After 30 min of drug administrations, 2.5% formalin solution was injected subcutaneously into the hind paws of all mice, and the licking behaviors were recorded from 0-5 min, as the early phase, and from 15-30 min, as the late phase [54]. At the end of the experiment, the mice were euthanized using diethyl ether anesthesia.…”

Dracorhodin Perchlorate Regulates the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines through the TLR4 Pathway and Improves Skin Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats

“…The process of wound healing is divided into three stages: inflammation, tissue proliferation, and new tissue remodeling [ 7 ]. In the early stages of healing, the inflammatory response favors wound decontamination, and macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils are involved in this process [ 8 , 9 ]. Macrophages phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils and secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote vascular regeneration, collagen deposition, and granulation.…”

“…Inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression suppresses the associated inflammatory response [ 15 ]. However, too strong or too long an inflammatory reaction will affect wound healing [ 8 , 9 , 16 ]. MyD88 is a major connector molecule in TLR signaling, and its death domain recruits downstream signaling molecules such as IRAK1, IRAK4, and TRAF6, which contribute to the activation of NF- κ B, AP-1, and P38 MAPK and subsequently induce transcription of proinflammatory cytokine-related genes [ 17 ].…”