Anti-Inflammatory Subfractions Separated from Acidified Chloroform Fraction of Fenugreek Seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

Abstract

Considering the side effects of current anti-inflammatory drugs, novel therapeutic agents are desired. We have succeeded in separating flavonoid-rich fractions with anti-inflammatory effect from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). In this work, we aimed to carry out further fractionation to find active anti-inflammatory subfractions. Trigonelline content of the plant was determined by spectrophotometric method. Fenugreek seeds were extracted consecutively with petroleum ether, acidified chloroform (ACC), alkaline chloroform (AKC), methanol, and water. ACC fraction, which had exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory effect, was further fractionated using column chromatography. Obtained subfractions were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema (CIPE) method. Animals were pretreated by test compounds, and after 30 minutes edema was induced by subcutaneous injection of 100 µl of 1% w/v carrageenan into the right paw of animals. Volume difference of both paws was measured at different times after carrageenan injection. The concentration of trigonelline was determined as 16.2%. ACC fraction inhibited paw edema significantly in comparison to control (p < .05). Four subfractions (dry weight percentage basis) were selected for pharmacological study. F3 subfraction exhibited the greatest inhibition at 15 mg/kg (p < .001). ACC fraction and F4 significantly inhibited paw edema at doses of 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg (p < .001). Phytochemical studies indicated the presence of flavonoids in ACC and active subfractions. Further separation can lead to finding active components from active subfractions, which probably belong to flavonoid phytochemicals. Considering the gastroprotective effect of fenugreek, we hope the separated fractions also would be free of gastrointestinal side effects.

Spices and herbs as immune enhancers and anti-inflammatory agents: A review

“…Mouse and rat Zhou et al, 2020Liu, 2019Khound et al, 2018;Piao et al, 2017;Sindhu et al, 2018;Nagamma et al, 2021;Yu et al, 2019 Reduced paw edema Cheurfa et al, 2021;Sindhu et al, 2018;Pournamdari et al, 2018;El-Taib et al, 2020 Increased anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IFN-γ, and TGF-β Liu, 2019;Piao et al, 2017 Ginger (Zingiber officinale)…”

“…Fenugreek has been found to inhibit c-Jun N-terminal kinases and NF-κB activation (Zhou et al, 2020) as well as COX-1 and COX-2 (El-Taib et al, 2020). Furthermore, fenugreek has been found effective at reducing carrageenan-and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced paw edema (Cheurfa et al, 2021;Sindhu et al, 2018;Pournamdari et al, 2018;El-Taib et al, 2020). Thus, fenugreek has shown promising results in ameliorating inflammation.…”

The Toxicity Evaluation of Salvia rhytidea and Glycine Max Extracts versus the Biochemical and Histological Indices of Liver and Kidney Functions in Mice

“…The Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC) of the plants were determined as established by previous studies [20,21]. Biefly, genistin and rutin were used as standards for the TFC determination, using thin layer chromatography fingerprinting.…”

Trigonelline Extends the Lifespan of C. Elegans and Delays the Progression of Age-Related Diseases by Activating AMPK, DAF-16, and HSF-1

“…Trigonelline (TRG) is one of the main alkaloids and components with pharmacological activities in dried fenugreek seeds ( Figure 1(a) ). Trigonelline has been reported to have neuroprotective [ 4 , 5 ], anti-apoptotic [ 6 , 7 ], anti-inflammatory [ 8 , 9 ], anti-oxidant [ 10 ], anti-diabetic [ 11 , 12 ], antihyperglycemic effects [ 13 ], anti-degranulation [ 14 ], and anti-carcinogenic effect [ 15 , 16 ]. Among them, the anti-oxidative activity of trigonelline could explain many of its other activities, such as neuroprotective activity [ 3 ].…”