Anti-inflammatory properties of N-acetylcysteine on lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages

Abstract

NAC modulates immune functions during the inflammatory response.

Ferrous Ferric Chloride Downregulates the Inflammatory Response to <i>Rhodococcus aurantiacus</i> Infection in Mice

“…NF-κB is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, 16,28) and its expression and activity are inhibited by antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and butyrate in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. 29,30) In the current study, the macrophages from F1 mice treated with 10-fold-diluted Pairogen also showed a decreased level of NF-κB gene expression triggered by heat-killed R. aurantiacus. This result suggests that Pairogen contributes to the negative regulation of NF-κB gene expression in macrophages, which results in a decrease in the gene expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6, because the expression of these genes is reported to be regulated by NF-κB.…”

“…This result suggests that Pairogen contributes to the negative regulation of NF-κB gene expression in macrophages, which results in a decrease in the gene expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6, because the expression of these genes is reported to be regulated by NF-κB. 29,31) In the macrophages from F1 mice treated with 10-fold-diluted Pairogen, the elevation in IL-10 mRNA expression induced by heat-killed R. aurantiacus was mildly but significantly attenuated compared with that in the cells from F1 mice received water. Although the molecular mechanism by which IL-10 gene expression is regulated is not well understood, a number of studies have reported the inhibitory effects of antioxidants on IL-10 expression and secretion.…”

“…Although the molecular mechanism by which IL-10 gene expression is regulated is not well understood, a number of studies have reported the inhibitory effects of antioxidants on IL-10 expression and secretion. 29,32) Of interest, in contrast to a reduction in the mRNA expression level of IL-10, a continuous augmentation of its secretion was found in the macrophages from F1 mice treated with 10-fold-diluted Pairogen following stimulation. Consistent with the in vitro results, P and F1 mice treated with 10-fold-diluted Pairogen also showed a higher level of IL-10 in the initial phase of infection, relative to the mice received water, especially the F1 mice.…”

Efficacy of Anti-inflammatory Agents to Improve Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia: An Update

“…69 NAC is neurotrophic and influences glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. 70 NAC is small and easily passes the BBB.…”

Immunological Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Potential Target for Therapy

“…With anti-inflammatory properties through several cellular processes [177], NAC is a glutathione precursor and direct antioxidant, and hence inhibits upstream events leading to the activation of NF-κB activation and other proinflammatory cytokines [177]. NAC also acts by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, at the protein and microRNA levels, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage cell lines [178,179].…”