Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anesthetic Agents

Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira; Rocco, Patrícia Rieken Macêdo; Pelosi, Paolo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51908-1_32

Cited by 27 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These studies, although of translational value, provide limited insight into the role of long-term stimulation in the treatment of chronic conditions. Moreover, acute stimulation studies are carried out under anesthesia, which introduces a confounding factor given the effects of some anesthetics, such as isoflurane, on decreasing vagal tone [61,62] and suppressing the immune response [63]. In this study, we established the feasibility of a long-term VN interface in mice capable of producing stimulus-evoked responses for at least 4 weeks, a period that allows for therapeutic assessment in many models of chronic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An implant for long-term cervical vagus nerve stimulation in mice

Mughrabi

Hickman

Jayaprakash

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation therapy with the potential to treat a wide range of chronic conditions in which inflammation is implicated, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. Many of these diseases have well-established mouse models, but due to the significant surgical and engineering challenges that accompany a reliable interface for long-term VNS in mice, the therapeutic implications of this bioelectronic therapy remain unexplored. Here, we describe a long-term VNS implant in mice, developed at 3 research laboratories and validated for across-lab reproducibility. Implant functionality was evaluated over 3-8 weeks in 81 anesthetized or behaving mice by determining the stimulus intensity required to elicit a change in heart rate (heart rate threshold, HRT). HRT was also used as a method to standardize stimulation dosing. Overall, 60-90% of implants produced stimulusevoked physiological responses for at least 4 weeks, with HRT values stabilizing after the second week of implantation. Furthermore, stimulation delivered through 6-week-old implants decreased TNF levels in a subset of mice with acute inflammation caused by endotoxemia. Histological examination of 4-to 6-weekold implants revealed fibrotic encapsulation and no gross fiber loss. This implantation and dosing approach provides a tool to systematically investigate the therapeutic potential of long-term VNS in chronic diseases modeled in the mouse, the most widely used vertebrate species in biomedical research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An implant for long-term cervical vagus nerve stimulation in mice

Mughrabi

Hickman

Jayaprakash

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Ropivacaine and lidocaine decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha-a-induced upregulation of CD11b/CD18 surface expression on neutrophils. Thus, local anesthetics decrease neutrophils adherence, migration, and accumulation at the site of inflammation [29]. Their effect would attribute in part to the observation in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Successful and Complete Recovery of the Ulnar Nerve After Eight Years of Chronic Injury Through Local Steroid Injections: A Case Report

et al. 2020

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Peripheral neuropathy is a common neurodegenerative disease, with vastness of inducers and causalities. The acquired form peripheral neuropathy can be caused by traumatic injuries caused by nerve lacerations or compressions. Such injuries are usually followed by Wallerian degeneration, and inflammatory reaction. We present a case of a 33-year-old female with a chronic loss of the ulnar nerve function for 8 years after traumatic laceration. After that, she regained the functions of ulnar nerve after nerve stimulation by peri-ulnar nerve injection of methylprednisolone and lidocaine. The theory behind using steroids is related to the fact that the immune system could induce a secondary injury that interferes with the recovery. Many studies have shown effectiveness in using steroids alone or when combined with other substances on nerve regeneration in animal models. We believe that this is the first report of nerve recovery using local steroidal injections after a traumatic injury.

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“…They decrease polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence, migration and accumulation at the site of inflammation, and altering macrophage and monocyte function. 13 Although antiinflammatory effects can be beneficial, it is also possible that reducing the function of such cells perioperatively could increase the risk of bacterial infection. At high concentrations, local anaesthetics conversely have anti-bacterial effects in laboratory studies.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, systemic concentrations during regional or local anaesthesia are low, and a theoretical risk of increased susceptibility to infection therefore exists. 13 This has not been borne out, however, in vivo.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory and Antibacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%