Anti-inflammatory potential of probiotics: lipoteichoic acid makes a difference

Lebeer, Sarah; Claes, Ingmar; Vanderleyden, Jos

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2011.09.004

Cited by 86 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Gram-positive species with a high GϩC content express macroamphiphiles on their cell wall, which can be compared to the LPS structures of Gram-negative species and TAs of low-GϩC Gram-positive species (see below) (202). These macroamphiphiles are called lipoglycans and are found in Actinomycetes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum.…”

Section: Fig 6 O-antigen Lps Biosynthesis and Lps Assembly And Transpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their role in the activation of the innate immune system is still controversial, as contamination of the LTA samples with lipopeptides often cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, highly purified LTA molecules from, e.g., S. pneumoniae (232), L. rhamnosus GG (233), and S. aureus (234) have been shown to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO and interact with TLR-2, while several coreceptors for the establishment of this interaction have also been reported: TLR-6, CD36, and CD14 (148,202,231,234,235). WTA does not seem to be immunoreactive like LTA, as has been shown, for example, in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, where WTA appears to play mainly a shielding role (236).…”

Section: Fig 6 O-antigen Lps Biosynthesis and Lps Assembly And Transpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

Tytgat

Lebeer

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

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128

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SUMMARY Humans have been increasingly recognized as being superorganisms, living in close contact with a microbiota on all their mucosal surfaces. However, most studies on the human microbiota have focused on gaining comprehensive insights into the composition of the microbiota under different health conditions (e.g., enterotypes), while there is also a need for detailed knowledge of the different molecules that mediate interactions with the host. Glycoconjugates are an interesting class of molecules for detailed studies, as they form a strain-specific barcode on the surface of bacteria, mediating specific interactions with the host. Strikingly, most glycoconjugates are synthesized by similar biosynthesis mechanisms. Bacteria can produce their major glycoconjugates by using a sequential or an en bloc mechanism, with both mechanistic options coexisting in many species for different macromolecules. In this review, these common themes are conceptualized and illustrated for all major classes of known bacterial glycoconjugates, with a special focus on the rather recently emergent field of glycosylated proteins. We describe the biosynthesis and importance of glycoconjugates in both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria and in both Gram-positive and -negative organisms. The focus lies on microorganisms important for human physiology. In addition, the potential for a better knowledge of bacterial glycoconjugates in the emerging field of glycoengineering and other perspectives is discussed.

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Section: Fig 6 O-antigen Lps Biosynthesis and Lps Assembly And Transpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 6 O-antigen Lps Biosynthesis and Lps Assembly And Transpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sweet Tooth of Bacteria: Common Themes in Bacterial Glycoconjugates

Tytgat

Lebeer

2014

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

Self Cite

128

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“…Besides the crosstalk between macrophage and fibroblast, the cytokines level is also affected by the factor of microbe virulence. The difference between Lipoteichoic acid-LTA L.plantarum and LTA pathogen, such as S.aureus, depends on the amount of third acyl chain and the degree of acyl chain saturation, and the sugar substitute on Gro-P chain (glucose and galactose on L.plantarum, GlcNAc on S.aureus), [15], [24] which makes L.plantarum an activator of TLR2 and low inductor of TNFα for macrophages. When a microbe is more virulent, the induction of cytokine production is higher, and vice versa [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D-alanin in LTA from L.plantarum can bind to TLR2, TLR4, while its genetic material binds to TLR3 or TLR9 and then triggers the signaling cascade which ends with the production and secretion of IFN [2], [11], [15].…”

Section: Asian Journal Of Applied Sciences (Issn: 2321 -0893) Volume mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the increase of IFNα level is not as high as what is resulted by macrophages as the result of S.aureus treatment with high dose (data are not shown). It happens since LTA molecule from Lactobacillus is weak immune-stimulatory trait [15]. Interestingly, although it can be useful, an extremely high IFNα level probably causes the unwanted side effect, such as recombinant IFN therapy.…”

Section: Asian Journal Of Applied Sciences (Issn: 2321 -0893) Volume mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of L. plantarum as an Immunomodulator Secretion of Transforming Growth Factor-Î²1, Transforming Growth Factor-Î²3, and Interferon-Î± Macrophages and Dermal Fibroblasts

Shintawati

Sudigdoadi²,

Madjid³

et al. 2017

AJAS

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This research aims to see the effect of L.plantarum in modulating the secretion of Transforming Growth Factor-TGFÎ²1, TGFÎ²3 macrophages and fibroblasts, Interferon-IFNÎ± macrophages, and to analyze the possibility of L.plantarum potency in supporting the process of scarless wound healing. The culture of peritoneal macrophages was treated with L.plantarum for 24 hours, while another macrophage was S.aureus stimulated for 6 hours before treatment of L.plantarum for 24 hours. The formed supernatant was separated and centrifuged to serve as a treatment on the culture of rat dermal fibroblasts for 24 hours. The supernatant was then separated and centrifuged; its cytokine level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-ELISA. Treatment of L.plantarum with medium and high doses increased the secretion of IFNa macrophages compared with the control; all L.plantarum doses can stimulate the secretion of TGFÎ²1 fibroblast and TGFÎ²3 macrophage significantly, but it does not affect the secretion of TGFÎ²1 macrophages. It can be concluded that L.plantarum increased the secretion of IFNÎ± macrophages higher than the treatment preceded by S.aureus stimulation. The secretion of TGFÎ²1 fibroblasts and TGFÎ²3 fibroblasts also increased, but it was not as high as L.plantarum treatment stimulated by S.aureus. Therefore, the application of L.plantarum to support the process of wound healing, prophylactic of the excessive scar and fibrosis can be researched further.

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