Anti-inflammatory pentacyclic triterpenes from the stems of Euonymus carnosus

Silage Fermentation: A Potential Biological Approach for the Long-Term Preservation and Recycling of Polyphenols and Terpenes in Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) By-Products

“…Terpenoids are one of the three major secondary metabolites, among which pentacyclic triterpenoids are common in medicinal plants. Terpenoids containing a pentacyclic triterpenoid mother nucleus structure possess strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. We detected two pentacyclic terpenoids in the artichoke by-products, including α-amyrin, lupeol, Ψ-taraxasterol, and taraxasterol.…”

Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants

“…Zhou et al. used NMR to analyze the structure of pentacyclic triterpenes obtained from the stems of Euonymus carnosus . Furthermore, the precision of NMR is higher than HPLC in terms of distinguishing chemical shifts in hydrogen and carbon atoms under different environments.…”

“…The NMR analysis of compounds mainly includes 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 2D homonuclear (2D 1 H-1 H) correlated NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectra, which can provide substantial chemical information on liquid and semiliquid samples [125,126]. Zhou et al [127] used NMR to analyze the structure of pentacyclic triterpenes obtained from the stems of Euonymus carnosus. Furthermore, the precision of NMR is higher than HPLC in terms of distinguishing chemical shifts in hydrogen and carbon atoms under different environments.…”

UPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS2 characterisation of Cola nitida resin fractions with inhibitory effects on NO and TNF‐α released by LPS‐activated J774 macrophage and on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis

“…Previous studies intensively reported triterpenes as inhibitors of interleukin production. Moreover, these metabolites can also suppress in activated macrophages, the release of NO, TNF‐α, interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) which by consequence lead to the decrease of the biosynthesis and/or the release of cytokines from target cells that results in a less aggressive inflammatory response …”

“…Moreover, these metabolites can also suppress in activated macrophages, the release of NO, TNF-α, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) which by consequence lead to the decrease of the biosynthesis and/or the release of cytokines from target cells that results in a less aggressive inflammatory response. [8][9][10][11] 2 | EXPERIMENTS 2.1 | Chemicals and materials Acetonitrile (HPLC grade), methanol, and formic acid were purchased from Tedia (São Paulo, Brazil). Milli-Q system (18.2 MΩ, Millipore, Simplipak, France) was used to produce ultrapure water.…”