Anti-Inflammatory Effects, SAR, and Action Mechanism of Monoterpenoids from Radix Paeoniae Alba on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

Abstract

Nine monoterpenoids from Radix Paeoniae Alba, including paeoniflorin derivatives, paeoniflorin (PF), 4-O-methylpaeoniflorin (MPF), 4-O-methylbenzoylpaeoniflorin (MBPF); paeonidanin derivatives, paeonidanin (PD), paeonidanin A (PDA), albiflorin derivatives, albiflorin (AF), benzoylalbiflorin (BAF), galloylalbiflorin (GAF), and debenzoylalbiflorin (DAF), were obtained in our previous phytochemistry investigations. Their anti-inflammatory effects were determined in the present study. The expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were measured using an Elisa assay and nitric oxide (NO) release was determined using the Griess method. The results demonstrated that the most of the monoterpenoids suppressed the LPS-induced production of NO, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The anti-inflammatory activities of these monoterpenoids were closely related to their structural characteristics. Paeoniflorins and paeonidanins presented stronger anti-inflammatory activities than those of albiflorin derivatives. Furthermore, the action mechanisms of MBPF, having a strong anti-inflammatory effect, were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods. The results indicated that MBPF could down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in mediating the role of MBPF in suppressing the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells.

Identification of Constituents Affecting the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in LPS-Induced U937 Cells by UHPLC-HRMS-Based Metabolic Profiling of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation Huangqi Jianzhong Tang

“…Other studies demonstrated the beneficial effect of Radix Paeoniae on arthritis by inhibiting the proliferation of synoviocytes, leading to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [47,48]. The anti-inflammatory activity and structure-activity relationship of nine monoterpene derivatives from Radix Paeoniae in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were described by Bi et al [49]. Unfortunately, most of the mentioned work did not specifically focus on IFN-γ production.…”

Effects of kampo medicine keishikashakuyakuto on large intestine disease in mice

“…Of the five natural drugs comprising KST, anti‐inflammatory actions have been reported for Cinnamomi cortex , Paeoniae radix , Zingiberis rhizome , and glycyrrhetinic acid and liquiritigenin of Glycyrrhizae radix. In addition, sulfasalazine plus Cinnamomi cortex and Bupleuri radix mixture , paeoniflorin isolated from Paeoniae radix , Glycyrrhizae radix and glycyrrhetic acid isolated from Glycyrrhizae radix have been reported to prevent DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis.…”

Fatty acid accumulation analysis based on transcriptome sequencing of developmental herbaceous peony ‘Hangshao’ ( Paeonia lactiflora ‘Hangshao’) seeds

“…According to GO functional annotation, 29,413 unigenes were obtained and categorized into 55 functional groups in three domains including biological process, cellular component and molecular functions (Fig 2C). The biological process category was further classified into 24 groups, metabolic process (15,254 ) and cellular process (14,489) were the predominant groups, followed by singleorganism process (8,816), biological regulation (3,594), localization (3,412) and regulation of biological process (3,063). The cellular component category was further classified into 17 groups, cell (11,981) and cell part (11,901) were the largest two groups, followed by membrane (9,845), organelle (8,516) and membrane part (7,363).…”

“…So far there are more than 500 cultivars distributed in different regions of China [1]. The dried roots of two herbaceous peony species are the main raw materials for traditional Chinese medicine 'Radix Paeoniae Alba' and 'Radix Paeoniae Rubra' [2,3], which have the functions of antithrombus [4], antitumor [5], anti-post-traumatic stress disorder [6], alleviating inflammation [7], removing pathogenic heat from the blood, treating blood stasis and relieving pain [8] and so on. As an important medicinal plant, herbaceous peony 'Hangshao', which root was the traditional Chinese medicine 'Radix Paeoniae Alba', is mainly cultivated in Zhejiang province, and widely cultivated in China [9].…”