Anti-inflammatory Effects of<i>Scoparia dulcis</i>L. and Betulinic Acid

Tsai, Jen-Chieh; Peng, Wen-Huang; Chiu, Tai-Hui; Lai, Shang-Chih; Lee, Chao‐Ying

doi:10.1142/s0192415x11009329

Cited by 66 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In this present study, CAME showed the presence of abundant amount of the betulinic acid. Betulinic acid affected the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-a, and IL-1b in the lambdacarrageenan-induced paw edema (Tsai et al, 2011). Thus the presence of quercetin and betulinic acid in CAME might be responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of C. arborea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Inhibitory effect ofCareya arboreaon inflammatory biomarkers in carrageenan-induced inflammation

Begum

Sharma

Pillai

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecythidaceae) has multiple applications in traditional medicine; it exhibits analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and protective effects. However, the effect of C. arborea on biochemical and immmunological inflammatory mediators has not been explored. Objective: The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of the methanol extract of C. arborea stem bark and further assesses its possible mechanism on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers. Materials and methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of C. arborea methanol extract (CAME) was evaluated (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) using indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o) as the standard drug in Wistar albino rats. Inflammation was induced by injecting 0.1 ml carrageenan (1% w/v) into the left hind paw. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was studied by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-a, and IL-1b levels in both control and treated groups. A protocol has also been established to quantify quercetin and betulinic acid content in CAME using HPTLC fingerprint. Results: Careya arborea significantly (p50.001) decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, showed a reduction of 48.87 and 65.53% at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, CAME significantly decreased the MDA, CRP, NO, and MPO levels, elevated by carrageenan induced inflammation. CAME also markedly down-regulated serum TNF-a and IL-1b levels. These findings were further supported by the histological study. The content of quercetin and betulinic acid in CAME was found to be 0.177 and 3.14%, respectively. Conclusion: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes and mediators release, appear to account for the anti-inflammatory potential of C. arborea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Inhibitory effect ofCareya arboreaon inflammatory biomarkers in carrageenan-induced inflammation

Begum

Sharma

Pillai

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Pentacyclic triterpene compounds are well known to exert anti-inflammatory effects through targeting macrophages, oxidative stress mediators (ie, superoxide dismutase, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2 or nitric oxide) [26,27] . To investigate whether betulin, a pentacyclic triterpene compound, has an effect on T cells, T cell subsets were analyzed 10 h after Con A injection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betulin from Hedyotis hedyotidea ameliorates concanavalin A-induced and T cell-mediated autoimmune hepatitis in mice

et al. 2016

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Hedyotis hedyotidea has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying for the effect remain unknown. We previously showed that, among 11 compounds extracted from H hedyotidea, betulin produced the strongest suppressive effect on T cell activation. Here, we examined the hepatoprotective effects of betulin against acute autoimmune hepatitis in mice and the mechanisms underlying the effects. Freshly isolated mouse splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A, 5 μg/mL) in the presence of betulin, the cell proliferation was assessed with CSFE-dilution assay. Mice were injected with betulin (10, 20 mg· kg -1 ·d -1 , ip) for 3 d. One hour after the last injection, the mice were injected with Con A (15 mg/kg, iv) to induce acute hepatitis. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested at 10 h after Con A injection, and serum transaminase levels and liver histopathology were detected; serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, hepatic T lymphocyte ratios, and functional statuses of conventional T and NKT cells were also analyzed. Betulin (16 and 32 μmol/L) dose-dependently suppressed the proliferation of Con A-stimulated mouse splenocytes in vitro. In Con A-challenged mice, preinjection with betulin (20 mg· kg -1 ·d -1 ) significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6, and ameliorated liver injury. Furthermore, pretreatment with betulin (20 mg· kg -1 ·d -1 ) significantly inhibited the Con A-induced activation of NKT and conventional T cells, and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-6 in these two cell populations. Betulin has immunomodulatory effect on overly activated conventional T and NKT cells and exerts hepatoprotective action in mouse autoimmune hepatitis. The findings provide evidence for the use of H hedyotidea and its constituent betulin in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

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“…28 The kcarrageenan-induced inflammatory response would cause neutrophil infiltration and the production of neutrophilderived free radicals, such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals, as well as the release of other neutrophil-derived mediators. 29 NO is an important proinflammatory mediator in the pathogenesis of inflammation produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase during the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofRosa taiwanensisNakai in Mice

Tsai

Huang²,

Tsai³

et al. 2015

Journal of Medicinal Food

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In this study, we evaluated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a 70% ethanol extract from Rosa taiwanensis Nakai (RTEtOH). The analgesic effect was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by k-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of RTEtOH was examined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver tissue. The betulinic acid and oleanolic acid contents of RTEtOH were assayed by HPLC. The results showed that RTEtOH decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses (1.0 g/kg) and the late phase of the formalin-induced licking time (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg). In the anti-inflammatory models, RTEtOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4, and 5 h after k-carrageenan administration. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be due to the decreased levels of COX-2, TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6, as well as the inhibition of NO and MDA levels through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd. The contents of two active compounds, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, were quantitatively determined. This study demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of RTEtOH and provided evidence to support its therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases.

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Anti-inflammatory Effects ofScoparia dulcisL. and Betulinic Acid

Cited by 66 publications

References 26 publications

Inhibitory effect ofCareya arboreaon inflammatory biomarkers in carrageenan-induced inflammation

Inhibitory effect ofCareya arboreaon inflammatory biomarkers in carrageenan-induced inflammation

Betulin from Hedyotis hedyotidea ameliorates concanavalin A-induced and T cell-mediated autoimmune hepatitis in mice

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofRosa taiwanensisNakai in Mice

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