Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanolic Extract fromSargassum horneri(Turner) C. Agardh on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophage ActivationviaNF-κB Pathway Regulation

Abstract

Inflammation is major symptom of the innate immune response by infection of microbes. Macrophages, one of immune response related cells, play a role in inflammatory response. Recent studies reported that various natural products can regulate the activation of immune cells such as macrophage. Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh is one of brown algae. Recently, various seaweeds including brown algae have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, anti-inflammatory effects of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh are still unknown. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh (ESH) on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The ESH was extracted from dried Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh with 70% ethanol and then lyophilized at -40 °C. ESH was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7, and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS-stimulated macrophage activation was significantly decreased by the addition of 200 μg/mL of ESH. Moreover, ESH treatment reduced mRNA level of cytokines, including IL-1β, and pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophage activation in a dose-dependent manner. ESH was found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ERK, p-p38 and NF-κB phosphorylation. In addition, ESH inhibited the release of IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that ESH elicits anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophage activation via the inhibition of ERK, p-p38, NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory gene expression.

Antitumor Activity of Total Flavonoids from Daphne genkwa in Colorectal Cancer

“…Macrophages are one of the major cell types in immune cells, and they play a role in the inflammatory immune response (Kim et al ., ). In our study, TFDG regulated the activation of macrophages: low doses suppressed the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐6, IL‐12, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α, while high doses exhibited weak upregulation (Couturier et al ., ).…”

Gambogenic acid inhibits LPS-simulated inflammatory response by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK in macrophages

“…Activated NF-κB is involved in immune regulation, inflammatory response, cell growth, and antiapoptosis via phosphorylating IκB and shifting into the nucleus [40][41][42]. Notably, previous studies have shown that the suppression of NF-κB pathway is associated with anti-inflammatory responses [43][44][45][46]. Therefore, we explored whether GEA could regulate NF-κB signaling pathways.…”

Ecklonia cava (Laminariales) and Sargassum horneri (Fucales) synergistically inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via blocking NF-κB and MAPK pathways

“…According to the previous studies, both seaweed species are rich in antiinflammatory compounds. Especially, phlorotannins separated from EC (2,7-phloroglucinol-6, phloroglucinol, eckol, pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol, dieckol, and 6-bieckol), and sulfated polysaccharides and crude extracts separated from SH found to possess promising anti-inflammatory effects under in vitro and in vivo conditions (Lee et al 2014b, Kim et al 2015. Moreover, both seaweeds are considering as important, medicinal ingredient in traditional medicine (15.6-250 μg mL -1 ) for 24 h. Then, MTT was added (200 μg per well) to each well.…”