Anti-inflammatory effects of Dendrobium nobile derived phenanthrenes in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages

Abstract

Dendrobium nobile belongs to the Orchidaceae family and is one of the medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine as a therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we separated three phenanthrenes (ephemeranthol A (EA), 1,5,7-trimethoxyphenanthren-2-ol (TP), dehydroorchinol (DO)) from D. nobile, and compared their anti-inflammatory activities. TP is a new phenanthrene compound and its structure was determined from (1)H, (13)C NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. To analyze the anti-inflammatory activities of the phenanthrenes, Raw 264.7 cells were used, since they are immature-macrophages and easily matured by LPS stimulation. EA and DO showed anti-inflammatory activities in the activated Raw 264.7 cells. That is, we showed that EA is a potent inhibitor of the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inhibitory activities of phenanthrenes were found to be caused by blockage of NF-κB activation and the phosphorylation of MAP kinases in the macrophages. These results are expected to serve as a guide for future studies on the ability of phenanthrenes to inhibit acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Identification of anti-inflammatory components of raw and steamedPanax notoginsengroot by analyses of spectrum-effect relationship

“…RAW264.7 cells are mouse macrophages, which can produce a variety of inammatory factors including TNF-a, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1 and inammatory transmitter NO under the stimulation of bacterial products and external harmful substances. 26,27 LPS is the major component of the cytoderm of Gram negative bacteria, which can activate monocyte-macrophage system like RAW264.7 cell, resulting in the release of a large number of pro-inammatory mediators such as TNF-a and IL-1b, causing systemic inammatory response syndrome and further developing into multiple organ dysfunction, failure, damage or even death. 28,29 In this study, LPS was used to induce the cell inammation model.…”

Identification of Two New Phenanthrenes from Dendrobii Herba and Their Cytotoxicity towards Human Hypopharynx Squamous Carcinoma Cell (FaDu)

“…The eleven known compounds were identified as densiflorol B ( 3 ) [14], 6,7-dimethoxy-phenanthrene-2,5-diol ( 4 ) [27], dehydroorchinol ( 5 ) [8], 1,5,7-trimethoxy-2-phenanthrenol ( 6 ) [8], denthyrsinin ( 7 ) [28], ephemeranthol A ( 8 ) [29], lusianthridin ( 9 ) [30], moscatilin ( 10 ) [18], gigantol ( 11 ) [12], 3-[( 1E )-2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-5-methoxyphenol ( 12 ) [31], and (−)-syringaresinol ( 13 ) [19] by comparing their spectroscopic data with the published data (Supplementary Materials Figures S11–S32). Although the known compounds ( 3 – 11 and 13 ) have been isolated from Dendrobium species, the isolation of compound 12 from Dendrobium species has not been reported yet.…”

“…It has been traditionally used to treat lower fever, dryness of throat, gastrodynia due to stomach problem, blurred vision, and atrophy of the tendon and bone due to kidney problems in East Asia [3,4,5]. Previous phytochemical studies on Dendrobium species have reported the isolation of various types of compounds, specifically phenanthrenes as major components [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Phenanthrenes have been reported to have anti-inflammatory [6,7,8], antifibrotic [9], anti-cancer [10,11,12], and antibacterial activities [13].…”

“…Previous phytochemical studies on Dendrobium species have reported the isolation of various types of compounds, specifically phenanthrenes as major components [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Phenanthrenes have been reported to have anti-inflammatory [6,7,8], antifibrotic [9], anti-cancer [10,11,12], and antibacterial activities [13]. Bibenzyl compounds, including stilbenes, are also abundant in Dendrobium species [14,15,16,17,18,19] with diverse activities, such as antioxidant [14], anti-inflammatory [14], anti-migratory [15], retinal neoangiogenesis inhibitory [16], and antimutagenic [17,18] activities.…”

Microbial Glycosylation of Phenanthrene and Bibenzyls by Mucor hiemalis

“…1,2 Previous phytochemical studies on this plant have revealed that it is rich in phenanthrenes and bibenzyls. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Phenanthrenes possess several therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, 3 antifibrotic, 4 anticancer, 5 and antibacterial activities. 6 Bibenzyls also display diverse biological activities, including antiplatelet aggregation, 7 antiinflammatory, 8 antimigratory, 9 retinal neoangiogenesis inhibitory, 10 and antimutagenic activities.…”