Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Counterirritants

Laden, C.; Blackwell, R. Q.; Fosdick, L.S.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1958.195.3.712

Cited by 36 publications

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“…It would appear from the results obtained that the increased exudate volume at 24 hours in indomethacin-treated animals arises from an inhibition, by indomethacin, of the regression of the response. The persistence of exudate within the pleural cavity could arise in various ways since the amount of exudate present in the cavity represents a balance between the amount of fluid escaping from capillaries and the amount of fluid removed via the lymphatics [ 16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of carprofen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin on the development and decay phases of a carrageenan pleurisy in the rat

1984

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The effects of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), carprofen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin, on 4-hour and 24-hour carrageenan pleurisy, has been investigated. All three compounds inhibited both the oedematous and cellular components of the 4-hour pleurisy. In the 24-hour pleurisy only indomethacin affected cell accumulation and the inhibitory effect observed was selective for mononuclear cells. The volume of exudate recovered from the pleural cavity at 24 hours, in animals which had received any of the three drugs, was greater than in animals receiving vehicle. The results of a time-course experiment with indomethacin suggest that the observed effects of the NSAID may be a consequence of their inhibition of both the development and decay phases of the pleural inflammation, particularly with regard to the exudative component of the response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative effects of carprofen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin on the development and decay phases of a carrageenan pleurisy in the rat

1984

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“…The hypothesis that irritants exert their systemic anti-inflammatory action by releasing into the blood stream a factor or factors capable of inhibiting inflammation at distant sites is supported by observations that the blood of some injured rats possessed anti-inflammatory properties (Laden, Blackwell & Fosdick, 1958. Robinson & Robson, 1964;Billingham, Robinson & Robson, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Occurrence of Endogenous Anti‐inflammatory Substances in the Blood of Injured Rats

Atkinson¹,

Hicks

1975

British J Pharmacology

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1 Using the carrageenin rat paw oedema test as an assay, an attempt has been made to confirm the presence of anti-inflammatory activity in the blood of rats with a chronic inflammatory lesion induced by a polyester sponge, and to relate such activity to the systemic anti-inflammatory effect exerted in situ by the lesion. In addition, plasma from rats given acetic acid intraperitoneally has been examined for anti-inflammatory properties. 2 The activity of serum obtained from sponge-bearing adrenalectomized Wistar rats did not differ significantly from that obtained from animals without implants. Furthermore, implanted sponges exerted no systemic anti-inflammatory effect. 3 Similar experiments were performed in sponge-bearing adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, plasma instead of serum being examined for anti-inflammatory activity. The plasma removed from such animals possessed no anti-inflammatory activity, whilst implanted sponges exerted a small, yet significant, systemic inhibitory effect. 4 When the irritancy of sponge implants was augmented with croton oil, more marked systemic anti-inflammatory effects were observed. However, the plasma obtained from rats injured in this manner exerted no anti-inflammatory effect. 5 No anti-inflammatory activity could be detected in plasma samples obtained from rats treated with doses of acetic acid capable of producing pronounced systemic anti-inflammatory effects. 6 It was concluded that the induction of these inflammatory lesions in rats does not appear to lead to a detectable release of endogenous anti-inflammatory substances into the circulation.

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“…While no pretentions are made in this paper to survey all the explanations which have been offered, some of the proposed mechanisms will be mentioned be-cause they have relevance to the items of the present work. The plausible postulation that irritation may result in discharge of some anti-inflammatory substance(s) into the blood stream, obtained experimental support by demonstrating that from inflammatory exudates of either animal or human origin it was possible to recover materials which have the ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects when administered to laboratory animals (RINDANI [22], LADEN, BLACKWELL and FOSDICK [17], DIPASQUALE and GIRERD [10], ROBINSON and ROBSON [23], BONTA and D~ Vos [6], BILLINGHAM, ROBINSON and ROBSON [2,3], BONTA, BHARGAVA and DE Vos [7]). The presence of such anti-inflammatory factors (AIF) after tissue irritation were not only demonstrated at the irritated tissue site, but also in the blood or serum of organisms bearing a local inflammation (LADEN, BLACK-WELL and FOSDICK [17], HIGHTON [15]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of inflamed-tissue factor

Bonta

Noordhoek

1973

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The early postulation that irritation of tissue could release a substance which acted as anti-inflammatory agent at a remote site of the body, led further to show that administration of inflammatory exudate results in suppression of experimental inflammations (Rindani [22], Robinson and Robson [23], Billingham, Robinson and Robson [2], Bonta and De Vos [6]). Little is known however as to which type of inflammatory response is preferentially inhibited by inflammed-tissue factors(s) and even less is known about the mechanism associated with this inhibition. Earlier we studied the anti-inflammatory effect of exndates from peritoneal inflammation, but in later experiments we made use of exudates obtained from aircarrageenin granuloma pouches of rats (Bonta, Bhargava and De Vos [7]). The dialysate of the exudate showed only potency in suppressing the kaolin induced hind paw inflammation of the rat. A marked and dose dependent inhibition of this inflammation was however found with the retentate. The anti-inflammatory macromolecaiar (mol wt 200,000) portion of the exudate is a complexity of proteins and may be other materials. The macromolecular factor(s) obtained from donor rats did also suppress the kaolin induced hind paw inflammation when administered to mice, herewith ruling out species-specificity. The antiinflammatory effect of the exudate was not diminished by adrenalectomy of the test-animals, thus excluding the discharge of corticosteroids as a conceivable mechanism. The macromolecular retentate did not only cause inhibition of the kaolin induced inflammation, but the carrageenininflammation in rats was also suppressed. On the other hand the inflammatory response by histamine or serotonin was not inhibited by the pouch-exudate, which thus apparently displays a preferential inhibition of certain type of inflammations while leaving others unaffected (Bonta, Bhargava and De Vos [7]). We found no indications that the anti-inflammatory effect of the exudate factor(s) was mediated through either influencing the kininogen-kinin system or interfering with prostaglandins as putative inflammatory mediators. However depletion of complement was evident in the carrageenin induced inflammation, representing the type of response which is sensitive to the anti-inflammatory effect by the pouchexudate. In line with this we have data that the exudate inhibits total complement activity of serum when either added in vitro or administered in vivo. The complement inhibitory property of the exudate seemed to parallel with the anti-inflammatory activity. Complement fixation has been proposed as the underlying mechanism of the counterirritant principle (Willoughby, Coote and Turk [26]), which in fact was the early starting point to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of exudates obtained from irritated tissue. It is however not likely that tissue irritation due to injection of our macromolecnlar factor is the exclusive mode in its anti-inflammatory effect. In fact we observed the anti-inflammatory effect even after intra...

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Counterirritants

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative effects of carprofen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin on the development and decay phases of a carrageenan pleurisy in the rat

Comparative effects of carprofen, benoxaprofen and indomethacin on the development and decay phases of a carrageenan pleurisy in the rat

The Possible Occurrence of Endogenous Anti‐inflammatory Substances in the Blood of Injured Rats

Anti-inflammatory mechanism of inflamed-tissue factor

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