Anti-inflammatory effects of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone from the brown alga, Sargassum muticum

Abstract

BackgroundThe marine environment is a unique source of bioactive natural products, of which Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt is an important brown algae distributed in Jeju Island, Korea. S. muticum is a traditional Korean food stuff and has pharmacological functions including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the active ingredients from S. muticum have not been characterized.MethodsBioguided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of S. muticum, collected from Jeju island, led to the isolation of a norisoprenoid. Its structure was determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of action of this compound were examined using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells through ELISA assays and Western blot analysis.ResultsApo-9′-fucoxanthinone, belonging to the norisoprenoid family were identified. Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone effectively suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. This compound also exerted their anti-inflammatory actions by down-regulating of NF-κB activation via suppression of IκB-α in macrophages.ConclusionsThis is the first report describing effective anti-inflammatory activity for apo-9’-fucoxanthinone′-fucoxanthnone isolated from S. muticum. Apo-9′-fucoxanthinone may be a good candidate for delaying the progression of human inflammatory diseases and warrants further studies.

Study on the Health Benefits of Brown Algae (<i>Sargassum muticum</i>) in Volunteers

“…A latest report from S. muticum study showed that apo-9'-fucoxanthinone, belonging to the norisoprenoid family, effectively suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production [18]. Our results also supported the anti-inflammatory effect of S. muticum.…”

“…Many studies have investigated brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Hijikia fusiformis (Hijiki), Laminaria japonica (Ma-Kombu), and Sargassum fulvellum [11,12]. However, the data on S. muticum, except in anti-inflammatory properties, [13,14] are to our knowledge not available. Until now, no studies have been performed in humans to determine the medicinal benefits of S. muticum including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antitumor, and cholesterol-lowering effects.…”

Seasonal Composition of Lipids, Fatty Acids Pigments in the Brown Alga &lt;i&gt;Sargassum pallidum&lt;/i&gt;: The Potential for Health

“…Sulfoglycerolipid demonstrated antibacterial [25] and antiviral activities [26]. The carotenoid fucoxanthin has an antioxidant and anticancer properties [27], and has shown anti-inflammatory effect [28]- [30]. Seasonal accumulation of these compounds may be of interest for applied purposes.…”

The ethyl acetate fraction ofSargassum muticumattenuates ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptotic cell death via regulation of MAPK- and caspase-dependent signaling pathways in human HaCaT keratinocytes

“…Polyphenols are well-known for their antioxidant properties and protect HaCaT keratinocytes against UVBinduced phototoxic stress and DNA damage (Svobodová et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2009). Recently, it has been reported that apo-9 0 -fucoxanthinone isolated from S. muticum showed anti-inflammatory effects (Chae et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2013). Apo-9 0 -fucoxanthinone was a degradative product of fucoxanthin (Mori et al, 2004) and fucoxanthin is known for its antioxidant (Zheng et al, 2013), anti-inflammatory , anti-obesity (Maeda et al, 2005), antitumor , and UVB-preventative activities (Urikura et al, 2011).…”