Anti-inflammatory effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from a microalga in a murine recurrent colitis model

Abstract

Diet and nutritional factors have emerged as possible interventions for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which are characterised by chronic uncontrolled inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Microalgal species are a promising source of n-3 PUFA and derived oxylipins, which are lipid mediators with a key role in the resolution of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana on a recurrent 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mice model. Moderate chronic inflammation of the colon was induced in BALB/c mice by weekly intracolonic instillations of low dose of TNBS. Administration of the lyophilised microalgal biomass started 2 weeks before colitis induction and was continued throughout colitis development. Mice were killed 48 h after the last TNBS challenge. Oral administration of the microalgal biomass reduced TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation, evidenced by an inhibition of body weight loss, an improvement in colon morphology and a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. This product also down-regulated colonic expressions of inducible nitric oxide, cyclo-oxygenase 2 and NF-κB, as well as increased PPAR-γ. In addition, lyophilised microalgal biomass up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 and the target gene heme oxygenase 1. This study describes for the first time the prophylactic effects of an oxylipin-containing lyophilised microalgae biomass from C. debaryana in the acute phase of a recurrent TNBS-induced colitis model in mice. These findings suggest the potential use of this microalga, or derived oxylipins, as a nutraceutical in the treatment of IBD.

Lysophosphatidylcholines and Chlorophyll-Derived Molecules from the Diatom Cylindrotheca closterium with Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…Extracts of Tetraselmis suecica [14], Chlorella ovalis, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Amphidinium carterae [13], and a sterol-rich fraction of Nannochloropsis oculata [15] were active in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Oxylipin-containing lyophilized biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in an induced colitis rat model [16][17][18] and Dunaliella bardawil was found to protect against acetic acid-induced small bowel inflammation in rats [16,17]. Regarding studies on LPS-stimulated human THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells, lipid extracts of Pavlova lutheri [19] and monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) mixtures, and the isolated DGDGs 11 and 12 from Isochrysis galbana [20] were reported as active.…”

Polyphenolic Maqui Extract as a Potential Nutraceutical to Treat TNBS-Induced Crohn’s Disease by the Regulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways

“…During the inflammatory processes, the OS plays an important role in promoting its maintenance throughout time. In this condition, there are well-established increases of Nrf-2 expression and the consecutive regulation of the expression of numerous cytoprotective genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as ferritin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1) and gluthathione S-tranferases (GSTs) [ 13 , 55 ], and also its downstream target, HO-1, to ameliorate the oxidative effects [ 56 , 57 ]. In our study, an Nrf-2 and HO-1 up-regulation was observed in the CD Group, indicating the primary events of acute inflammation, probably as a compensatory system to alleviate inflammation and tissue damage.…”

“…In our study, an Nrf-2 and HO-1 up-regulation was observed in the CD Group, indicating the primary events of acute inflammation, probably as a compensatory system to alleviate inflammation and tissue damage. On the contrary, Ávila-Román et al [ 57 ] demonstrated reduced Nrf-2 and HO-1 expression levels in colon samples from a TNBS chronic colitis model. In addition, several dietary phytochemicals, such as green tea polyphenol components [ 58 ], anthocyanins [ 59 ] and carotenoids [ 56 ], have been implicated in reversing inflammatory processes by increasing the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1.…”

(10Z)-Debromohymenialdisine from Marine Sponge Stylissa sp. Regulates Intestinal Inflammatory Responses in Co-Culture Model of Epithelial Caco-2 Cells and THP-1 Macrophage Cells

“…In the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, the enhanced expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were detected under colitis wound repair [50]. In the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis mouse model, oral administration of lyophilized microalgal biomass from Chlamydomonas debaryana up-regulated the expressions of Nrf-2 and HO-1 [51]. In the present study, we observed that 1 markedly promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and subsequent increase in the expression of HO-1.…”