Anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of bioactive small molecule garlic polysaccharide

Shao, Xin; Li, Jialong; Zhang, Huidan; Zhang, Xuhui; Sun, Chongzhen; Ouyang, Xin; Wang, Yong; Wu, Xiyang; Chen, Chunbo

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1092873

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Afterwards, the samples were carefully put into the Sephadex G-100 gel column, followed by 2 h of equilibration prior to elution with ultrapure water. The flow rate was controlled, and 4 mL eluent was collected in each tube after the CSP-II was precisely weighed and dissolved in 4 mL of distilled water [32]. To acquire the purified Cynomorium songaricum polysaccharide CSP-III, the eluate was collected, concentrated, and lyophilized after the elution curve was constructed.…”

Section: Isolation and Purification Of Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from the Stem of Cynomorium songaricum Based on Intestinal Microbial Analysis

Lv,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Polysaccharides are the main effective components of Cynomorium songaricum’s stem that perform biological activities and have positive impacts on immune enhancement. In this study, the polysaccharide CSP-III of Cynomorium songaricum’s stem was isolated using a DEAE-52 cellulose column through Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography. Upon analysis, the monosaccharide composition of CSP-III included Mannose (Man), Glucuronic acid (GlcA), Galacturonic acid (GalA), Rhamnose (Rha), Glucose (Glc), Galactose (Gal), and Arabinose (Ara), at a molar ratio of 0.01:0.11:0.03:0.57:0.02:0.32:1. The molecular weight of CSP-III was 4018234 Da. Meanwhile, the capacity of CSP-III, at various concentrations, to stimulate the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro was compared, and the influence of CSP-III on cell proliferation was examined using RAW264.7 mouse mononuclear macrophages as a model. The influence of CSP-III on the expression of important phosphorylating proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway was initially analyzed by Western blotting. In RAW264.7 cells, CSP-III promoted the phosphorylation of JNK proteins, which thus activated the MAPK signaling cascade and exerted immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, according to in vivo studies using cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression mouse models, CSP-III improved the CTX-induced histopathological damage, promoted T and B lymphocyte proliferation, upregulated CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts in the spleen, increased the serum levels of IgG and IgM, and activated three essential proteins of the MAPK signaling pathway. As revealed by analysis of intestinal flora, CSP-III improved the immune function by maintaining the homeostasis of the bacterial flora by boosting the relative abundances of some beneficial bacterial groups, such as Bacteroidetes, Desmodium, and Actinomyces, and reducing the relative abundance of Aspergillus phylum. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, our present study demonstrates that polysaccharides from the stem of Cynomorium songaricum possess strong immunoregulatory effects. Findings in this work provide theoretical support for the potential application of Cynomorium songaricum in the field of health food.

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Section: Isolation and Purification Of Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from the Stem of Cynomorium songaricum Based on Intestinal Microbial Analysis

Lv,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Garlic (Allium sativum) is a perennial herb of the Liliaceae family that is commonly used as a food seasoning. It is renowned for its nutritional and medicinal benefits, including antibacterial [2], anticancer [3], hypolipidemic [4], anti-inflammatory [5], and antioxidant effects [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic Origin Traceability and Identification Based on Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Spectral Information

Han,

Sha,

Dai

et al. 2024

Foods

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The chemical composition and nutritional content of garlic are greatly impacted by its production location, leading to distinct flavor profiles and functional properties among garlic varieties from diverse origins. Consequently, these variations determine the preference and acceptance among diverse consumer groups. In this study, purple-skinned garlic samples were collected from five regions in China: Yunnan, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu Provinces. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy were utilized to analyze the components of garlic cells. Three preprocessing methods, including Multiple Scattering Correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay Smoothing (SG Smoothing), and Standard Normalized Variate (SNV), were applied to reduce the background noise of spectroscopy data. Following variable feature extraction by Genetic Algorithm (GA), a variety of machine learning algorithms, including XGboost, Support Vector Classification (SVC), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), were used according to the fusion of spectral data to obtain the best processing results. The results showed that the best-performing model for ultraviolet spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-ANN, with an accuracy of 99.73%. The best-performing model for mid-infrared spectroscopy data was SNV-GA-RF, with an accuracy of 97.34%. After the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data, the SNV-GA-SVC, SNV-GA-RF, SNV-GA-ANN, and SNV-GA-XGboost models achieved 100% accuracy in both training and test sets. Although there were some differences in the accuracy of the four models under different preprocessing methods, the fusion of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data yielded the best outcomes, with an accuracy of 100%. Overall, the combination of ultraviolet and mid-infrared spectroscopy data fusion and chemometrics established in this study provides a theoretical foundation for identifying the origin of garlic, as well as that of other agricultural products.

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A fructan-type garlic polysaccharide upregulates immune responses in macrophage cells and in immunosuppressive mice

Wu,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of bioactive small molecule garlic polysaccharide

Cited by 9 publications

References 45 publications

Studies of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from the Stem of Cynomorium songaricum Based on Intestinal Microbial Analysis

Studies of the Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from the Stem of Cynomorium songaricum Based on Intestinal Microbial Analysis

Garlic Origin Traceability and Identification Based on Fusion of Multi-Source Heterogeneous Spectral Information

A fructan-type garlic polysaccharide upregulates immune responses in macrophage cells and in immunosuppressive mice

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