Abstract:Background : Metabolic inflammation has been considered as an essential event in obesity-induced diabetes and insulin resistance. In obesity, an increasing number of macrophages recruited into visceral adipose tissues undergo significant M 1 -like polarization, secreting variable amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and causing insulin resistance. Piperine has been proven to have excellent anti-inflammatory activity and has therapeutic effects on a variety of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we investigated … Show more
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