Anti-inflammatory effect of multistrain probiotic formulation ( L. rhamnosus, B. lactis, and B. longum )

Sichetti, Marzia; Marco, Stefania De; Pagiotti, Rita; Traina, Giovanna; Pietrella, Donatella

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.005

Cited by 85 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During a ketogenic diet, adipose tissue produces considerable amounts of free fatty acids and fatty acid‐derived bioactive lipid mediators with potent pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory actions, so we considered administering a synbiotic to mitigate the possible inflammatory effect of the ketogenic diet. It has been shown that L. rhamnosus , B. lactis , and B. longum complex down‐regulates the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in an LPS‐induced inflammatory state, which suggests that these probiotics can be good candidates as important co‐adjuvants in the treatment of obesity. In the second phase of the study, the ketogenic phase ended and, also, the potential appetite‐suppressant action of ketosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very‐Low‐Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Gutiérrez-Repiso

Hernández-García

García-Almeida

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Little is known about the changes that a very‐low‐calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) produces in gut microbiota or the effect of synbiotics during the diet. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in gut microbiota produced by a VLCKD and synbiotic supplementation. Methods and results A randomized, single‐blind, parallel‐design trial is conducted in 33 obese patients who follow a weight‐loss program (PnK‐Method) that include a VLCKD followed by a low‐calorie diet (LCD). Subjects are randomly allocated to three groups: one supplemented with synbiotics, a second group supplemented with a placebo during the VLCKD and synbiotics during the LCD phase, and a control group given a placebo. Although symbiotic administration do not produce an effect on microbial diversity, an increase in short‐chain fatty aciding producing bacteria and anti‐inflammatory mediator signals such as Odoribacter and Lachnospira is shown. The administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and prebiotics fiber during the LCD is significantly associated with the percentage of weight loss and change in glucose, C‐reactive protein and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein. Conclusions VLCKD produces important changes in gut microbiota. The administration of synbiotics during VLCKD can improve weight loss through the amelioration of inflammation, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very‐Low‐Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Gutiérrez-Repiso

Hernández-García

García-Almeida

et al. 2019

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…They can either block the degradation of the inhibitor I-κB and interfere with proteasome function, or promote nuclear export of NF-κB subunit RelA, through a PPAR-γ-dependent pathway [74,75]. IL-10 produced by Th2 lymphocytes and macrophages has been reported to be the main immunomodulator cytokine induced by L. casei CRL 431 to maintain the gut homeostasis [55,76].…”

Section: Mechanisms Induced By Probiotics To Stimulate the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Galdeano¹,

Cazorla²,

Dumit³

et al. 2019

Ann Nutr Metab

511

219

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Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, the consumed probiotics stimulate the immune system and induce a network of signals mediated by the whole bacteria or their cell wall structure. This review is aimed at describing the immunological mechanisms of probiotics and their beneficial effects on the host. Summary: Once administered, oral probiotic bacteria interact with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) or immune cells associated with the lamina propria, through Toll-like receptors, and induce the production of different cytokines or chemokines. Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, produced by the IECs, sends signals to other immune cells leading to the activation of the MIS, characterized by an increase in immunoglobulin A⁺ cells of the intestine, bronchus and mammary glands, and the activation of T cells. Specifically, probiotics activate regulatory T cells that release IL-10. Interestingly, probiotics reinforce the intestinal barrier by an increase of the mucins, the tight junction proteins and the Goblet and Paneth cells. Another proposed mechanism of probiotics is the modulation of intestinal microbiota by maintaining the balance and suppressing the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that long-term probiotics consumption does not affect the intestinal homeostasis. The viability of probiotics is crucial in the interaction with IECs and macrophages favoring, mainly, the innate immune response. Macrophages and Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in this immune response without inducing an inflammatory pattern, just a slight increase in the cellularity of the lamina propria. Besides, as part of the machinery that probiotics activate to protect against different pathogens, an increase in the microbicidal activity of peritoneal and spleen macrophages has been reported. In malnutrition models, such as undernourishment and obesity, probiotic was able to increase the intestinal and systemic immune response. Furthermore, probiotics contribute to recover the histology of both the intestine and the thymus damaged in these conditions. Probiotic bacteria are emerging as a safe and natural strategy for allergy prevention and treatment. Different mechanisms such as the generation of cytokines from activated pro-T-helper type 1, which favor the production of IgG instead of IgE, have been proposed. Key Messages: Probiotic bacteria, their cell walls or probiotic fermented milk have significant effects on the functionality of the mucosal and systemic immune systems through the activation of multiple immune mechanisms.

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“…They seem to be able to promote host defense against infection while reducing hypersensitivity reactions to commensal bacteria and food. It was shown that some specific probiotic strains show various interesting properties, including antigenotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity [124][125][126][127][128][129]. In conclusion, probiotics could represent a promising therapy to balance dysbiosis and facilitate the remission of diseases, as well as attenuate the symptoms of neurological disorders and mucosal compartments.…”

Section: Probiotics As New Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells

2020

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Many studies highlighted that a bidirectional communication between the gut and the central nervous system (CNS) exists. A vigorous immune response to antigens must be avoided, and pathogenic organisms crossing the gut barrier must be detected and killed. For this reason, the immune system developed fine mechanisms able to maintain this delicate balance. The microbiota is beneficial to its host, providing protection against pathogenic bacteria. It is intimately involved in numerous aspects of host physiology, from nutritional status to behavior and stress response. In the last few years, the implication of the gut microbiota and its bioactive microbiota-derived molecules in the progression of multiple diseases, as well as in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, gained increasing attention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the gut microbiota with particular attention toward neurological disorders and mast cells. Relevant roles are played by the mast cells in neuroimmune communication, such as sensors and effectors of cytokines and neurotransmitters. In this context, the intake of beneficial bacterial strains as probiotics could represent a valuable therapeutic approach to adopt in combination with classical therapies. Further studies need to be performed to understand if the gut bacteria are responsible for neurological disorders or if neurological disorders influence the bacterial profile.

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Anti-inflammatory effect of multistrain probiotic formulation ( L. rhamnosus, B. lactis, and B. longum )

Cited by 85 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very‐Low‐Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation in a Very‐Low‐Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Weight Loss Achievement and Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Gut–Brain Axis: Focus on Neurodegeneration and Mast Cells

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