Anti-inflammatory effect of herbal traditional medicine extract on molecular regulation in allergic asthma

Abstract

Asthma is an important global health problem, and the main cause of asthma is allergic reaction and immune system dysregulation. Airway inflammation causes bronchial narrowing, and goblet cell hyperplasia leads to mucus hypersecretion that leads to airflow obstruction and difficulty breathing. The Th2 cytokines can induce allergic asthma. Camellia, Adhatoda, and Glycyrrhiza are the traditional medicines that are used in some countries. In the current study, we evaluated three herbal extracts on airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice. The asthma model was induced in mice that were divided into 6 groups: Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, OVA-budesonide group, OVA-Glycyrrhiza group, OVA-Camellia group, and OVA-Adhatoda group. Measurements of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), IgE, histamine, percentages of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf), gene expression of COX-2, CCL24, CCL11, eotaxin, and histopathological study of lung were done. Adhatoda significantly attenuated the IL-4, IgE, and histamine levels. Glycyrrhiza attenuated the levels of IL-5, IL-13, GTP, GOT (on day 51), mRNA expression of eotaxin, CCL24, CCL11, and COX-2, eosinophil infiltration, mucus secretion, and goblet cell hyperplasia. Camellia decreased IL-13, GTP, COX-2 mRNA expression, mucus secretion, and goblet cell hyperplasia on day 31 and 51. We evaluated effect of three plants on allergic bio-factors. Glycyrrhiza as main anti-inflammatory treatment, Adhatoda as anti-allergic, and Camellia as anti-mucus releasing treatment can be used in attacks of allergic asthma.

Revisiting liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as anti-inflammatory, antivirals and immunomodulators: Potential pharmacological applications with mechanistic insight.

“…Among root and leaves, root extract was found to be more cyto-protective by significantly inhibiting the pro-inflammatory cascade ( Marotti et al, 2021 ). In a very recent study the levels of IL-5, GTP, IL-13, GOT (on day 51), mRNA expression of eotaxin, CCL11, CCL24, COX-2, mucus secretion, eosinophil infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia was attenuated by the treatment of G. glabra was further support the same ( Sun et al, 2021 ). In summary, Glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhizin prohibit tissue inflammation by extenuating reacting oxygen species (ROS) formation and have the potency to inhibit IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-1β, TNF- α expression, COX-2 and eotaxin ( Jahromi et al, 2019 ; Richard, 2021 ).…”

Mechanism of miR-181a-5p in Regulatory T/T-Helper 17 Immune Imbalance and Asthma Development in Mice with Allergic Rhinitis

“…3b). Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 can induce allergic asthma [40,41]. ELISA and RT-qPCR results revealed that OVA induction increased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF and lung tissues, while miR-181a-5p overexpression treatment showed an opposite trend (p < 0.01; Fig.…”

Effect of the Administration of a Nutraceutical Supplement in Racehorses with Lower Airway Inflammation

“…Furthermore, Thymus vulgaris showed effects in the modulation of mucus hypersecretion in vitro [ 29 ], while Hedera helix seems to play an important role in reducing cough [ 30 ] and to have a mucolytic activity similar to acetylcysteine [ 31 ] in human patients with bronchitis. Finally, Glycyrrhiza glabra represents one of the most used and effective compounds for asthma in Chinese traditional medicine, and it was effective in reducing ROS production, bronchial inflammation, and mucus production in a murine model of human asthma [ 32 , 33 ].…”