Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Abstract

Background: Ganluyin (GLY) is a famous classical prescription with a long history of use as a treatment for inflammatory conditions such as chronic pharyngitis (CP) in many parts of China. However, it has not been developed as a modern pharmaceutic and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of GLY and potential mechanisms in a rat model of CP. Methods: The chemical profile of GLY was analyzed by HPLC-UV. We used a mouse model of ear edema and a rat model of paw edema. Specifically, xylene was used to induce edema on the surface of one ear in mice, and carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into the right hind paws of rats to induce paw edema. The paw thickness, ear weight, and ear perfusion were measured and recorded. The CP model in rats was induced by irritating the throat with 5% ammonia and was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GLY. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA in serum, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the throat were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GLY. Hematological assays were also conducted. Results: There were four flavonoids identified in GLY: naringin, neohesperidin, baicalin, and wogonoside. The oral administration of GLY showed a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear swelling and ear blood flow in mice and significantly ameliorated rat right hind paw edema at doses of 6.2 and 12.4 g/kg. Mechanistic studies found that the anti-inflammatory activity of GLY was related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and that GLY reduced the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the throat, attenuated throat injury, and reduced inflammatory exudates. Hematological analysis showed that treatment with GLY prevented increases in white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte (MONO) levels.

Chinese Herbal Medicine to Reduce Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Evidence From Population-Based Health Claims

“…The positive association between Gan-Lu-Yin use and a lower incidence of RIOM may stem from its reported effects that included reducing cell proliferation and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through the NF-kB dependent pathway. 29,30 In 1 previous report, relative to untreated controls, rats fed with Gan-Lu-Yin had markedly reduced levels of inflammatory markers. 30 The inhibition of angiogenesis may prevent the expression and survival of cancer cells, thereby decreasing the risk of RIOM after HNC onset.…”

“…29,30 In 1 previous report, relative to untreated controls, rats fed with Gan-Lu-Yin had markedly reduced levels of inflammatory markers. 30 The inhibition of angiogenesis may prevent the expression and survival of cancer cells, thereby decreasing the risk of RIOM after HNC onset.…”

16SrDNA-Based Detection Technology in Patients with Chronic Pharyngitis to Analyze the Distribution Characteristics of Pharyngeal Bacteria

“…According to pharyngeal manifestations, chronic simple pharyngitis (CSP) and chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis (CHP) can be divided into two clinical case types. Statistically, CP accounts for 10-20% of pharyngeal diseases and 12-14% of otorhinolaryngology diseases, with the incidence increasing year by year [1,2]. With the rapid development of industrialization, the incidence of chronic pharyngitis in high PM2.5 areas is much higher than that in mildly polluted areas [3].…”

Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Mechanisms of Compound Herba Sarcandrae (Fufang Zhongjiefeng) Aerosol in Chronic Pharyngitis Treatment

“…Chronic pharyngitis (CP) is a diffusive inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa, submucosa, and pharyngeal lymphoid tissues, with a high incidence that accounts for approximately 10–20% of throat diseases. 1 , 2 According to the epidemiological data, at least 20% of the adult population suffers from chronic pharyngitis worldwide. 3 The symptoms of CP are stubborn, and the disease is difficult to cure and causes great inconvenience to the patient.…”