Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamaldehyde in a Mouse Model of 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde in atopic dermatitis (AD) in the mouse model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: Group A (control), group B [AD with no treatment (AD + NoTre)], group C [AD with corticosteroids (AD + Cort)] and group D [AD with cinnamaldehyde (AD + Cin)]. 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene was used to form the AD model. Topical corticosteroid was applied to group C, and oral cinnamaldehyde was administered to group D. Dorsal skin biopsies were evaluated immunohistochemically with interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin and caspase-3. Results: Epithelial thicknesses were significantly higher in group B–D mice compared to group A ( P = 0.002, 0.009, 0.004, respectively). Significantly, higher staining with IL-25 was observed in group B (AD + NoTre) and group D (AD + Cin) than in group A (control) ( P = 0.003, 0.002, respectively). However, no significant difference was observed between group D (AD + Cin) and group B (AD + NoTre). All three groups (B–D) had significantly higher staining in terms of diffuseness of IL-33 compared to group A (control) ( P = 0.002, 0.002, 0.002, respectively). Caspase-3 staining was significantly lower in group D (AD + Cin) than in group B (AD + NoTre) ( P = 0.003, 0.002, respectively). Moreover, caspase-3 staining intensity was significantly lower in group D (AD + Cin) than in group C (AD + Cort) ( P = 0.002). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that IL-33, IL-25 and caspase-3 have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Furthermore, cinnamaldehyde reduced caspase-3 activity more than topical corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory effects might be investigated in AD therapy with future studies.

Cinnamaldehyde: Pharmacokinetics, anticancer properties and therapeutic potential (Review)

“…Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is a main ingredient extracted from the bark of the cinnamon tree ( 2 ), with a broad range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory ( 3 ), antioxidant ( 4 ), antiviral ( 5 ), anti-bacterial ( 6 ), antithrombic ( 7 ), hypoglycemic ( 8 ), hepatoprotective ( 9 ), anti-diabetic ( 10 ), neuroprotective ( 11 ) and anticancer effects ( 12 ), which largely contribute to the prevention and treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Advancements in cancer research have highlighted the promising potential of CA in restricting the growth of cancer cells ( 3 – 12 ). As demonstrated in a previous study, CA has shown a marked ability to impede cancer cell proliferation ( 13 ), prompting a surge in scientific interest in exploring its potential role in cancer therapy.…”