Anti-inflammatory compounds of macro algae origin: A review

Abstract

Inflammation, occurs frequently in living tissues, and is responsible for numerous death and precursor to some deadly diseases. This review focus on seaweed derived anti-inflammatory compounds, which have attracted interest and promising replacer of current anti-inflammatory drugs. Macro algae have both pro-and anti-inflammatory compounds, the later include sulphated polysaccharides (fucoidans) from brown seaweeds, alkaloids (Caulerpin I, II and III) from red and green seaweeds, polyunsaturated fatty acids (Docosahexaenoic acid: EDA, Eicosapentaenoic acid: EPA, Stearidonic acid: SA and Eicosatrienoic acid: ETA), carotenoids (fucoxanthin and astaxanthin), Pheophytin A and Vidalols A and B. Anti-inflammatory assays include edema, erythema, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL 1β, 6, 8), Nitric oxide (NO), inducible Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Prostaglandin E (PGE 2 and 3), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2), transcription factor (NF-κB) and leukotrienes (LB 3 and 4). Although, in-vivo and in-vitro studies have been done for crude extracts and specific compounds, but some compounds have not analysed in-vitro, and investigation of their pathway need to be studied.

Extracts and Marine Algae Polysaccharides in Therapy and Prevention of Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestine

“…In this regard, potential therapeutic strategies for IBD aimed at signaling oxidative stress and involving the use of natural and synthetic antioxidant compounds are reviewed and discussed. Polysaccharides and algae extracts have pronounced antioxidant properties [38,44,[102][103][104][105] and are potential therapeutic substances that target oxidative stress in IBD. However, further studies are needed to confirm the exact effects of these promising drugs and the suitable doses and administration routes.…”

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effects of Four Selected Marine Macroalgae from Iskenderun Bay

“…Secondary metabolites as essential oils, alginic acid, fucoidans, laminarine, fucans, agar, carrageenan, fluorotannines, phloroglucinol, terpenes, organic acids, cellulose, alkaloid, sterol, phenolic, and many other substances are extracted from structural materials in algae cells (Abourriche et al, 1999;Nagayama, 2002;Smith et al, 2002;Ghannadi et al, 2013;Yegdaneh et al, 2016). Various studies have been reported proving that the strong secondary components obtained from extracts of seaweeds species of these metabolites have antioxidant, antimicrobial (Chiheb et al, 2009;Cornish and Garbary 2010;Salem et al, 2011;Tambekar et al, 2011;Mayer et al, 2011;Güner et al 2015;Silva et al, 2020), antiviral (Musale et al, 2020;Hans et al, 2021), antifungal (Oumaskour et al, 2012;Mickymaray et al, 2018;Biris-Dorhoi et al, 2020), antibiotics (Brana et al,2015Bhowmick et al, 2020), antiinflammatory (Kazlowska et al, 2010;Jaswir andMonsur 2011), antiallergic, antihypertensive, antitumor (Güner et al, 2015;Seca and Pinto 2018;Güven et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020), anticancer (Güner et al, 2019, antifouling (Dahms and Dobretsov, 2017), and anticoagulant activities (Adrien et al, 2017). Seaweeds have described as an agent and has been widely used in many areas in many countries, especially China, Japan and India.…”