Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Wound-healing Properties of the Methanolic Extracts from Hedera helix Fruits and Leaves

Abstract

Common Ivy (Hedera helix L.) is an ornamental plant that is known for its aesthetic qualities and ability to provide natural greenery. It is also associated with potential health benefits. When evaluating the phytochemical constituents of H. helix methanolic extracts, the fruit extract had the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC) at 100 GAE mg/g extract, compared to 89.47 GAE mg/g in the leaves extract. In contrast, total flavonoid compounds and total tannin were higher in leaves extracts, 37.14 TE mg/g extract and 24.79 GAE mg/g extract respectively. fruit extracts showed the greatest level of antioxidant properties in the FRAP test 75.5 and 62.35 AscE mg/g extract also in DPPH tests, the IC50 were 3.49 and 8.79 mg/ml for fruit and leaves respectively, demonstrating their potent capacity to neutralize free radicals and high reducing power. However, when evaluated by the ABTS method, the leaves extracts indicated the strongest antioxidant activity, suggesting their potent capacity to neutralize free radicals, the IC50 were 4.54 and 8.69 mg/ml for fruit and leaves respectively, the extracts' inhibitory effects on albumin denaturation were also assessed. The findings demonstrated the potential of the extracts as anti-inflammatory, with the leaf extract having the lowest IC50 values in these tests 75.26± 3.87 µg/ml and 115.62± 56.47 µg/ml, for ripe fruit extract. Furthermore, the lowest contraction value was 81.12% for pure ointment alone, followed by drug ointment and fruit ointment at 86.43 %and 90.21%, respectively, and the extract had the highest contraction rate at 95.82%, which demonstrated the strongest wound healing activity.